The Consequences of Child Labor : Evidence from Longitudinal Data in Rural Tanzania
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper exploits a unique
longitudinal data set from Tanzania to examine the
consequences of child labor on education, employment
choices, and marital status over a 10-year horizon. Shocks
to crop production and rainfall are used as instrumental
variables for child labor. For boys, the findings show that
a one-standard-deviation (5.7 hour) increase in child labor
leads 10 years later to a loss of approximately one year of
schooling and to a substantial increase in the likelihood of
farming and of marrying at a younger age. Strikingly, there
are no significant effects on education for girls, but there
is a significant increase in the likelihood of marrying
young. The findings also show that crop shocks lead to an
increase in agricultural work for boys and instead lead to
an increase in chore hours for girls. The results are
consistent with education being a lower priority for girls
and/or with chores causing less disruption for education
than agricultural work. The increased chore hours could also
account for the results on marriage for girls.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNT, ADULT MORTALITY, ATTRITION, CHILD LABOR, CHILD LABOUR, CHILD WORK, CHILDHOOD, CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, EARNING, ECONOMICS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT, EXCLUSION RESTRICTION, FAMILY LABOR, FORMAL EDUCATION, GIFTED CHILDREN, HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS, HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD WEALTH, HUMAN CAPITAL, INCOME, INFANT MORTALITY, LABOR INTENSITY, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR STANDARDS, LABOR SUPPLY, LABORERS, LABOUR OFFICE, MATHEMATICS, OCCUPATION, OLDER CHILDREN, OLDER GIRLS, PARENTAL EDUCATION, PARENTS, PRESENT EVIDENCE, PREVIOUS WORK, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY LEVEL, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, SECONDARY EDUCATION, WAGE INCREASE, WAGES, WORK EXPERIENCE, YOUNG ADULTS, YOUNGER CHILDREN