Unpacking Youth Unemployment in Latin America

Cunningham, Wendy

Unpacking Youth Unemployment in Latin America

Autores

Descripción

High youth unemployment rates may be a signal of difficult labor market entry for youth or may reflect high churning. The European and United States literature finds the latter conclusion while the Latin American literature suggests the former. This paper uses panel data to examine whether Latin American youth follow OECD patterns or are, indeed, unique. By decomposing transition matrices into propensity to move and rate of separation matrices and estimating duration matrices, the authors find that Latin American youth do follow the OECD trends: their high unemployment reflects high churning while their duration of unemployment is similar to that of non-youth. The paper also finds that young adults (age 19-24) have higher churning rates than youth; most churning occurs between informal wage employment, unemployment, and out-of-the labor force, even for non-poor youth; and unemployment probabilities are similar for men and women when the analysis control for greater churning by young men. The findings suggest that the "first employment" programs that have become popular in the region are not addressing the key constraints to labor market entry for young people and that more attention should be given to job matching, information, and signaling to improve the efficiency of the churning period.

Palabras clave

ADOLESCENTS, ADULT MALES, ADULT MEN, ADULT WOMEN, ADULT WORKERS, AGE CATEGORIES, AGE GROUP, AGE GROUPS, APPRENTICESHIP, ATTRITION, AVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK, EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, EMPLOYMENT TRENDS, FINDING EMPLOYMENT, GENDER GAP, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INFORMAL SECTOR, JOB EXPERIENCE, JOB SEARCH, JOB TRAINING, JOB TURNOVER, JOBS, LABOR ECONOMICS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE ATTACHMENT, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET TURNOVER, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR TURNOVER, LABOUR, LOW UNEMPLOYMENT, LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, MALE YOUTH, MODERATE UNEMPLOYMENT, MOTIVATION, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, OLDER ADULTS, PERMANENT JOB, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POOR FAMILIES, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR PEOPLE, PRESENTS UNEMPLOYMENT, PRIME AGE, PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRESS, RETIREMENT, SALARIED EMPLOYMENT, SCHOOL AGE, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SEX, SOCIAL ISSUES, SOCIAL SECURITY, TEENAGERS, TOTAL LABOR FORCE, TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYED POOR, UNEMPLOYED YOUTH, UNEMPLOYMENT DURATION, UNEMPLOYMENT DURATIONS, UNEMPLOYMENT SPELL, UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS, UNEMPLOYMENT TRANSITION, URBAN AREAS, WAGE EMPLOYMENT, WAGE SUBSIDIES, YOUNG ADULT, YOUNG ADULT WOMEN, YOUNG ADULTS, YOUNG MEN, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUNG PERSON, YOUNG WOMEN, YOUNG WORKERS, YOUTH, YOUTH LABOR, YOUTH POPULATION, YOUTH RATES, YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT, YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, YOUTH VIOLENCE