Le risque en pastoralisme : quelques considérations pour orienter les actions de développement
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Pastoralism is more than an extensive production system that exploits the natural resource base; it is also a way of life. Often confined to regions with high environmental constraints, pastoralism is directly bound to the changeability of climate and resources. Pastoralists, probably more than any other socio-professionai groupe have to face different environmental risks. They are also exposed to certain social and political insecurities, to whieh may be added a lack o security of land tenure. The viability and durability of their activities result in a whole set of management strategies directed towards these risks. Since his herd is his principal means of production, the pastoralist dedicates a great part of his efforts to it. To reduce the risks he encounters, he applies a series of measures that provide the animals with a certain level feed, water and healthcare, and protection against predators. But he accepts also a part of these risks. Besides this, public and private instituti ons as well as projects are able to support or to sustain certain strategies which reduce encountered risks, either ordinary risks, or, catastrophes, and can take into account the long-term variability of the system and the environment. On the methodological lever, it is necessary to understand the motivations for the pastoralists' behaviour and to install, together with other pastoralists, measures that attenuate specific risks under their conditions.