Not Yet Up to Standard

Rios, Luz Diaz; Jaffee, Steven; Henson, Spencer; Mugisha, Johnny

Not Yet Up to Standard

Autores

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

The relative prosperity enjoyed by Uganda during the 1960s, based largely on the traditional exports of coffee, tea, cotton, and tobacco, was eroded by a devastating civil war over the period 1971 to 1985. The paper is based upon interviews with selected respondents, including government authorities, exporting companies, donors, and practitioner organizations, carried out in 2007 and 2008. The paper is divided into four sections. Section one provides a brief historical perspective on the emergence of the Ugandan fruit and vegetable export industry and examines the role played by different government and donor initiatives in the initial shaping of the sector, between the late 1980s and late 1990s. Section two highlights the strategic commercial approaches adopted by Ugandan exporting companies and farmers during the 2000s in response to past performance and in the face of evolving regulatory and market requirements, especially in the European Union. Section three examines the rationale for, means of support of, and apparent efficacy of a range of recent programs seeking to improve or sustain the competitiveness of Uganda's fruit and vegetable exports via improved compliance with regulatory or private standards. Lessons are drawn from this experience. Section four provides a brief set of general conclusions.

Palabras clave

ACCESS TO MARKET, AGRIBUSINESS, AGRICULTURAL EXPORT, AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGENCY, AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION, AGRICULTURE PROJECT, AGRICULTURE RESEARCH, AGRICULTURE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, ASPARAGUS, BANANAS, BEANS, BENCHMARK, BENCHMARKS, BUSINESS MODEL, BUSINESS SERVICE, BUSINESSES, BUYER, BUYERS, CAPABILITIES, CAPACITY BUILDING, CATERING, CERTIFICATION CAPACITY, CERTIFICATION COSTS, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, COCOA, COCOA BEANS, COFFEE, COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY, COMMERCIAL PRACTICE, COMMERCIALIZATION, COMMODITY, COMMODITY SUPPORT, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES, COMPETITIVE PRICES, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSUMER DEMAND, CONSUMER MARKETS, CONSUMER PREFERENCES, CONSUMERS, CONTROL SYSTEM, COPYRIGHT, COTTON, CROP, CROP DEVELOPMENT, CROP DIVERSIFICATION, CROPS, CULTIVATION, CULTIVATION PRACTICES, DEVELOPMENT AGENCY, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, DISEASES, DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS, DONOR AGENCIES, E-MAIL, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EMERGING MARKET, EMERGING MARKETS, ENABLING ENVIRONMENT, ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT, ENTRY POINT, ENTRY POINTS, EQUIPMENT, EXPORT DEVELOPMENT, EXPORT GROWTH, EXPORT HORTICULTURE, EXPORT PROMOTION, EXPORT SECTOR, EXPORT SECTORS, EXPORTS, EXTERNAL MARKETS, FAO, FARM, FARMER, FARMERS, FARMS, FEASIBILITY STUDIES, FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FISH, FISHERIES, FLORICULTURE, FLOWERS, FOOD COMMODITIES, FOOD SAFETY, FOOD SECURITY, FORESTRY, FORESTRY RESEARCH, FRESH FRUIT, FRESH VEGETABLES, FRUITS, GDP, GREEN BEANS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROUNDNUTS, GROWTH POTENTIAL, HARVEST, HARVESTING, HIGH-VALUE PRODUCTS, HORTICULTURAL CROP, HORTICULTURAL CROPS, HORTICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, HORTICULTURAL EXPORTS, HORTICULTURAL MARKETS, HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTION, HORTICULTURAL TRADE, HORTICULTURE, HORTICULTURE DEVELOPMENT, HORTICULTURE EXPORT, HORTICULTURE PRODUCTS, HORTICULTURE SECTOR, HUMAN CAPITAL, ICRAF, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, INFLATION, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES, INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT, INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS, INTERNATIONAL MARKET, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, IRRIGATION, LABOR COSTS, LABOR FORCE, LICENSES, LIVESTOCK, MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION, MAIZE, MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, MANUFACTURING, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET DEVELOPMENT, MARKET EFFICIENCY, MARKET INFORMATION, MARKET OPPORTUNITIES, MARKET OPPORTUNITY, MARKET POTENTIAL, MARKET SEGMENTS, MARKETING, MATERIAL, MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING, MERCHANDISE, MERCHANDISE EXPORTS, MOU, MUSHROOMS, NATURAL RESOURCES, OKRA, OPERATING SYSTEMS, ORGANIC AGRICULTURE, ORGANIC CERTIFICATION, ORGANIC FRUITS, ORGANIC PRODUCE, ORGANIC PRODUCTS, OUTGROWER SCHEMES, PEAS, PEPPER, PEPPERS, PESTICIDE, PESTICIDE RESIDUE, PESTICIDE USE, PESTICIDES, PESTS, PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, PINEAPPLE, PLANT HEALTH, PLANTAIN, PLANTAINS, PLANTING, PLANTING MATERIALS, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROCUREMENT, PRODUCT LINES, PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES, PRODUCTIVE ASSETS, PRODUCTIVITY, PROTOCOLS, QUALITY MANAGEMENT, QUERIES, REAL GDP, REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS, RESULT, RESULTS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL INCOME, SALE, SEED, SEEDS, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SESAME, SPICES, SPREAD, STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT, SUPPLIER, SUPPLIERS, SUPPLY CHAIN, SUPPLY CHAIN OPERATION, SUPPLY CHAINS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TARGET MARKET, TEA, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TELEPHONE, TOBACCO, TRACEABILITY, TRADE POLICY, TRADE REFORMS, TROPICAL FRUITS, UNCTAD, UNITED NATIONS, UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE &AMP; DEVELOPMENT, UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX, USAID, VALUE CHAIN, VEGETABLE PRODUCTION, VEGETABLES, WATER RESOURCES, WATER SOURCE, WHOLESALERS, WOMEN FARMERS, YIELDS