Shifting into Higher Gear
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This study was conceived on the basis of
a request by Ukraine’s Ministry of Agricultural Policies and
Food (MoAPF). In 2013, the MoAPF explored the World Bank’s
interest for investing in grain hoppers, following a deficit
of hoppers and concerns about related difficulties for grain
transport. In response, the World Bank secured resources
from the Multi Donor Trust Fund for Trade and Development
(TF016693) to carry out a review of grain logistics in
Ukraine in order to better understand the challenges facing
the sector. The objectives of this report are to assess the
functioning of the grain logistics system, identify
bottlenecks and put forward practical recommendations for
investments and reform. Research points to five key drivers
of current high logistics costs: (i) lack of regulatory
clarity and sub-optimal management of public assets that
create barriers to private investments; (ii)
underutilization of river transport, (iii) underinvestment
in rail transport; (iv) inefficiencies in storage
management, and (v) excessive use of road transport.
However, there are two important limitations of the report
that should be taken into account. First, the ongoing crisis
remains a source of uncertainty. It has so far had limited
impact on grain production and logistics, yet access to
finance has become more difficult and other impacts might
arise in the future. Second, there are two areas that the
report does not address: customs and ports. Both are
important elements of logistics costs and deserve a
comprehensive analysis in the future.
Palabras clave
RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE, TARIFFS, PASSENGER SERVICES, AXLE LOAD, PUBLIC PERCEPTION, FREIGHT SERVICES, SECONDARY ROADS, TRANSPORT SERVICE, RAIL NETWORK, PASSENGERS, RAILWAY TRANSPORT, INTEREST, RATE OF RETURN, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, WAITING TIME, FREIGHT TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT MODE, TRUCK INDUSTRY, STRICTER ENFORCEMENT, LOADING, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, INLAND WATERWAYS, EMISSION REDUCTION, CONCRETE, CARRYING CAPACITY, TOLL, STRUCTURES, SUBSIDY, TRAFFIC, MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT, PEAK DEMAND, RAILWAY STATIONS, TAX, ROUTES, LOAD, TRANSPORT VOLUME, GREENHOUSE GAS, TRANSPORT SERVICES, DRIVERS, TRANSPORT MODES, VEHICLE, ROAD, COSTS, RAIL TRANSPORT, FREIGHT TRAFFIC, RAILWAY SECTOR, ROAD NETWORK, PASSENGER TRIPS, TRANSPORTS, TRANSPORT, BYPASSES, TRANSPORT STRATEGY, BRIDGES, RAILWAY NETWORK, CONSTRUCTION, TRAFFIC SAFETY, TAX EXEMPTIONS, PUBLIC ROADS, RAIL COMPANY, LONGER DISTANCES, ACCESS ROADS, TRIPS, TRAFFIC POLICE, MODES OF TRANSPORT, POLLUTION, EFFICIENT TRANSPORT, PASSENGER, PORTS, CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, BOTTLENECK, PRECIPITATION, ROUTE, FUELS, SUBSIDIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, FREIGHT EFFICIENCY, TRANSPORT NETWORK, MODAL SHARE, EMISSION, STONE, TRAVEL, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSIT, POLICIES, TRANSPARENCY, TRUCKS, POLICE, ROAD SAFETY, MEANS OF TRANSPORT, TRAINS, FINANCIAL BURDEN, MAINTENANCE, ROAD TRANSPORT SERVICES, TOLL ROADS, ROLLING STOCK, RAILWAY, NAVIGATION, RAILWAY COMPANIES, PORT INFRASTRUCTURE, SURVEYS, DISCRIMINATORY ACCESS, ROADS, TRANSPORT TARIFFS, EROSION, PUBLIC PARTNERSHIPS, RAILROAD, RAILWAYS, PRICE DIFFERENTIAL, NET PRESENT VALUE, ROAD DAMAGE, BORDER MANAGEMENT, RAILWAY TRAFFIC, DREDGING, SHARING, RAIL, TRANSPORT SYSTEM, TRANSPORT DEMAND, SOILS, INVESTMENTS, INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN, TRUCKING, TRANSPORT RAILWAYS, ROAD CONDITIONS, TRANSPORT COSTS, RAILWAY TERMINALS, ROAD TRANSPORT, SAFETY, INLAND WATERWAY, ROAD REPAIR, FREIGHT, BOTTLENECKS