Chemical risks and risk management measures of relevance to crop production with special consideration of salinity

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dc.creatorQadir, M.
dc.creatorDrechsel, Pay
dc.creatorSalcedo, F. P.
dc.creatorRobles, L. P.
dc.creatorBen-Gal, A.
dc.creatorGrattan, S. R.
dc.date2023-09-08
dc.date2023-09-30T19:59:27Z
dc.date2023-09-30T19:59:27Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T18:27:06Z
dc.descriptionImproving water quality in agriculture often depends not only on technical solutions but also on effective incentive structures that motivate change. This section examines how economic, regulatory, and institutional incentives can drive better water quality outcomes by encouraging farmers and land managers to reduce pollution at its source. It highlights a variety of approaches used in high-income countries, including pollution taxes, subsidies, payments for ecosystem services (PES), and certification schemes. These tools can be designed as either voluntary or mandatory and are most effective when aligned with measurable environmental outcomes and supported by strong institutional capacity. Examples from New Zealand, Denmark, France, and Canada demonstrate how context-specific incentive systems such as nutrient trading, cooperative contracts, or integrated watershed management can improve agricultural practices while balancing stakeholder needs. The document emphasizes that successful incentive programs require clear objectives, performance monitoring, community engagement, and long-term commitment to ensure sustained impact on water quality.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/132080
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/156267
dc.languageen
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceQadir, M.; Drechsel, Pay; Salcedo, F. P.; Robles, L. P.; Ben-Gal, A.; Grattan, S. R. 2023. Chemical risks and risk management measures of relevance to crop production with special consideration of salinity. In Drechsel, Pay; Marjani Zadeh, S.; Salcedo, F. P. (Eds.). Water quality in agriculture: risks and risk mitigation. Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.41-75.
dc.subjectchemical contamination
dc.subjectrisk management
dc.subjectcrop production
dc.subjectsalinity
dc.subjectirrigation water
dc.subjectwastewater irrigation
dc.subjectwater quality
dc.subjectheavy metals
dc.subjectorganic compounds
dc.subjectcontaminants
dc.subjectsodic soils
dc.subjectirrigation methods
dc.subjectrisk reduction
dc.subjectmitigation
dc.subjectrisk assessment
dc.subjectguidelines
dc.titleChemical risks and risk management measures of relevance to crop production with special consideration of salinity
dc.typeBook Chapter

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