Household Welfare Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization

Chen, Shaohua; Ravallion, Martin

Household Welfare Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization

Autores

Chen, Shaohua

Ravallion, Martin

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

The authors use China's national household surveys for rural and urban areas to measure and explain the welfare impacts of the changes in goods and factor prices attributed to WTO accession. Price changes are estimated separately using a general equilibrium model to capture both direct and indirect effects of the initial tariff changes. The welfare impacts are first-order approximations based on a household model incorporating own-production activities and are calibrated to the household-level data imposing minimum aggregation. The authors find negligible impacts on inequality and poverty in the aggregate. However, diverse impacts emerge across household types and regions associated with heterogeneity in consumption behavior and income sources, with possible implications for compensatory policy responses.

Palabras clave

HOUSEHOLD WELFARE INDICATORS, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, FACTOR PRICES, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, INCOME SOURCES, SOCIAL WELFARE, TRADE REGIME ADVERSE IMPACTS, AGGREGATE INEQUALITY, AGRICULTURE, COMMODITIES, COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS, COMPETITIVE MARKET, CONSUMPTION GROWTH, COUNTRY PERFORMANCE, COUNTRY REGRESSIONS, CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISONS, CROSS-COUNTRY DATA, DATA SET, DATA SETS, DEMOGRAPHICS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ISSUES, DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, DISPOSABLE INCOME, DISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGES, DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS, DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT, ECONOMETRICS, ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC POLICY, ECONOMIC REFORMS, ECONOMIC REVIEW, ENVELOPE PROPERTY, EQUILIBRIUM, EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSES, EXPENDITURES, EXPLANATORY VARIABLES, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FOOD ITEMS, FOREIGN TRADE, FUTURE RESEARCH, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL, GEOGRAPHIC AREA, HEADCOUNT INDEX, HEALTH CARE, HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, IMPORTS, INCOME, INCOME, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME RISES, INCOME SOURCE, INCOME SOURCES, INCOMES, INCREASING INEQUALITY, INEQUALITY, INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT, LABOR SUPPLY, LAND USE, LIVING INDEX, LIVING STANDARDS, MARGINAL UTILITY, MEAN INCOME, MEASURED INEQUALITY, MEASURING WELFARE, MEDIAN INCOME, METALS, PER CAPITA INCOME, POLICY ANALYSIS, POLICY CHANGE, POLICY CHANGES, POLICY REFORM, POLICY REFORMS, POLICY RESEARCH, POOR AREAS, POOR COUNTRIES, POPULATION SHARE, POVERTY DYNAMICS, POVERTY LINES, POVERTY RATE, PRICE CHANGES, PRICE VECTOR, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, PRODUCTION INPUTS, PRODUCTIVITY, PROFIT FUNCTIONS, PROPORTIONATE CHANGES, REAL INCOME, RELATIVE PRICE, RELATIVE PRICES, RELATIVE WAGES, RICH COUNTRIES, RURAL AREAS, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, SAVINGS, SECTOR EMPLOYMENT, SIZABLE REDISTRIBUTION, SKILLED LABOR, TAX RATES, TIME SERIES, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE REFORMS, URBAN AREAS, URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, UTILITY FUNCTION, WAGE RATES, WAGES, WEALTH, WELFARE EFFECTS, WELFARE GAINS, WELFARE INDICATOR, WHOLESALE PRICES, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO, TRADE REGIME, ADVERSE IMPACTS