Surveillance
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Washington, DC
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Health surveillance is the ongoing
systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health
data essential for planning, implementing, and evaluating
public health activities, closely integrated with timely
dissemination of the data to enable effective and efficient
action to be taken to prevent and control disease. The scope
of surveillance is broad, from early warning systems for
rapid response in the case of communicable diseases to
planned response in the case of non-communicable diseases,
where the lag time between exposure and disease is longer
than for communicable diseases. Most countries have laws or
regulations on mandatory reporting of a list of conditions
determined by each country, primarily communicable diseases
such as childhood vaccine-preventable diseases (polio,
measles, tetanus, and diphtheria), TB, hepatitis,
meningitis, and leprosy. Relatively small investments can be
very effective in reducing death, disease, and disability.
Surveillance can make the health system more effective and
efficient, and better able to control devastating epidemics.
It can lead to early detection of local epidemics when
control is more effective, less costly, and involves less
loss of life. Surveillance is also important for controlling
and preventing endemic diseases that reduce productivity and
can be costly to manage. Good surveillance systems permit
early identification of diseases such as TB and syphilis
that can be cured easily with low-cost treatments, combined
with other public health actions.
Palabras clave
AVIAN INFLUENZA, BIRTHS, BLINDNESS, BULLETIN, CANCER, CAPACITY BUILDING, CHICKENPOX, CHILDHOOD, CHOLERA, COMMUNICABLE DISEASE, COMMUNICABLE DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, COMMUNICATION CHANNELS, DEATH CERTIFICATES, DECISION MAKING, DENGUE, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DIABETES, DIPHTHERIA, DISABILITY, DISEASE, DISEASE BURDEN, DISEASE OUTBREAKS, DISEASE PREVENTION, DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL, DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, DISSEMINATION, DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION, DOCUMENTS, DRACUNCULIASIS, EARLY DETECTION, EARLY IDENTIFICATION, ENCEPHALITIS, ENDEMIC AREAS, ENDEMIC DISEASES, EPIDEMIC, EPIDEMICS, HAZARDS, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS, HEALTH IMPACT, HEALTH INFORMATION, HEALTH PLANNING, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH REGULATIONS, HEALTH SURVEILLANCE, HEALTH SYSTEM, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEART DISEASE, HEPATITIS, HIV/AIDS, HOSPITAL, INFANT, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INFLUENZA, INJURIES, INTERVENTION, JOURNALISTS, LABORATORIES, LABORATORY, LAWS, LEPROSY, MALARIA, MATERNAL DEATHS, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MEASLES, MENINGITIS, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MORBIDITY, MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY, MORTALITY, MORTALITY RATE, MUMPS, NATIONAL CAPACITY, NATIONAL LEVEL, NCD, NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES, NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS, NOTIFIABLE DISEASES, NUTRITION, OBESITY, ONCHOCERCIASIS, PANDEMIC, PANDEMIC INFLUENZA, PAP SMEARS, PATHOGENS, PERTUSSIS, PLAGUE, PNEUMONIA, POISONING, POLIO, POPULATION GROUPS, PREVALENCE, PREVENTABLE DISEASES, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, RABIES, REPORTER, RISK FACTORS, RIVER BLINDNESS, RUBELLA, SCARCE RESOURCES, SMOKING, SYPHILIS, TB, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TETANUS, TREATMENT, TRIGGER, TRIGGERS, VACCINATIONS, VACCINE, VITAL STATISTICS, WARNING, YELLOW FEVER