Why is Son Preference Declining in South Korea? The Role of Development and Public Policy, and the Implications for China and India

Vista sencilla de ítem
dc.creatorChung, Woojin
dc.creatorDas Gupta, Monica
dc.date2012-06-06T22:11:22Z
dc.date2012-06-06T22:11:22Z
dc.date2007-10
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:12:37Z
dc.descriptionFor years, South Korea presented the puzzling phenomenon of steeply rising sex ratios at birth despite rapid development, including in women's education and formal employment. This paper shows that son preference decreased in response to development, but its manifestation continued until the mid-1990s due to improved sex-selection technology. The paper analyzes unusually rich survey data, and finds that the impact of development worked largely through triggering normative changes across the whole society - rather than just through changes in individuals as their socio-economic circumstances changed. The findings show that nearly three-quarters of the decline in son preference between 1991 and 2003 is attributable to normative change, and the rest to increases in the proportions of urban and educated people. South Korea is now the first Asian country to reverse the trend in rising sex ratios at birth. The paper discusses the cultural underpinnings of son preference in pre-industrial Korea, and how these were unraveled by industrialization and urbanization, while being buttressed by public policies upholding the patriarchal family system. Finally, the authors hypothesize that child sex ratios in China and India will decline well before they reach South Korean levels of development, since they have vigorous programs to accelerate normative change to reduce son preference.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/10/8460020/son-preference-declining-south-korea-role-development-public-policy-implications-china-india
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/7367
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4373
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/416136
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 4373
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectABORTION
dc.subjectAGE AT MARRIAGE
dc.subjectAGING
dc.subjectALLOCATION OF RESOURCES
dc.subjectBIRTH ORDER
dc.subjectBORROWING
dc.subjectCENSUSES
dc.subjectCHANGES IN POPULATION COMPOSITION
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY
dc.subjectCHILD SURVIVAL
dc.subjectCHILDBEARING
dc.subjectCITIZEN
dc.subjectCITIZENS
dc.subjectCONCUBINE
dc.subjectCONSTITUTIONAL COURT
dc.subjectCOURT
dc.subjectCULTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectCULTURAL FACTORS
dc.subjectDEMOCRACY
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS
dc.subjectDESCENT
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDISABLED
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectDIVORCE
dc.subjectECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectECONOMIC STATUS
dc.subjectEDUCATED WOMEN
dc.subjectEDUCATION LEVELS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL LEVEL
dc.subjectELEMENTARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT STATUS
dc.subjectEQUAL RIGHTS
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectFAMILY HEALTH
dc.subjectFAMILY LAW
dc.subjectFAMILY MEMBERS
dc.subjectFAMILY PLANNING
dc.subjectFAMILY ROLES
dc.subjectFAMILY SIZE
dc.subjectFASHION
dc.subjectFATHER
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFEMALE CHILDREN
dc.subjectFEMALE EDUCATION
dc.subjectFEMALE INFANTICIDE
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectFEMALE LIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectFERTILITY
dc.subjectFERTILITY ATTITUDES
dc.subjectFERTILITY BEHAVIOR
dc.subjectFERTILITY CONTROL
dc.subjectFERTILITY DECLINE
dc.subjectFERTILITY LEVELS
dc.subjectFERTILITY RATE
dc.subjectFERTILITY SURVEY
dc.subjectFERTILITY TRANSITION
dc.subjectFERTILITY TRANSITIONS
dc.subjectFERTILITY TRENDS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFORMAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER BIAS
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER EQUITY
dc.subjectGENDER IMBALANCE
dc.subjectGENDER INEQUALITIES
dc.subjectGENDER RELATIONS
dc.subjectGIRL CHILD
dc.subjectGIRLS
dc.subjectGRASSROOTS WOMEN
dc.subjectHEAD OF THE FAMILY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHOUSING LOANS
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectHUSBAND
dc.subjectHUSBANDS
dc.subjectIDEAS ABOUT GENDER ROLES
dc.subjectINDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectINHERITANCE
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectKEPT WOMEN
dc.subjectKINSHIP
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLARGE CITIES
dc.subjectLAWS
dc.subjectLEGISLATION
dc.subjectLEVEL OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLIVE BIRTH
dc.subjectMALE LINEAGES
dc.subjectMARGINALIZATION
dc.subjectMARRIAGES
dc.subjectMARRIED WOMEN
dc.subjectMASCULINITY
dc.subjectMASS MEDIA
dc.subjectMEDIA CAMPAIGNS
dc.subjectMIGRATION
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF HEALTH
dc.subjectMODERNIZATION
dc.subjectMORTALITY RATES
dc.subjectMOTHER
dc.subjectMOTHERS
dc.subjectNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectNATIONAL FERTILITY
dc.subjectNATIONAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectNUMBER OF BIRTHS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subjectNUMBER OF PEOPLE
dc.subjectOLD AGE
dc.subjectOLDER WOMEN
dc.subjectPATRIARCHY
dc.subjectPENSION
dc.subjectPENSIONS
dc.subjectPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
dc.subjectPLACE OF RESIDENCE
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOLITICAL POWER
dc.subjectPOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectPOPULATION ASSOCIATION
dc.subjectPOPULATION CONTROL
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROUPS
dc.subjectPOPULATION RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOPULATION RESEARCH CENTER
dc.subjectPOPULATION STATISTICS
dc.subjectPOPULATION STUDIES
dc.subjectPREFERENCE FOR SONS
dc.subjectPRENATAL SEX SELECTION
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPROPORTION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectPSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC LIFE
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICY
dc.subjectPUBLIC SCHOOLS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectPUBLIC SPHERE
dc.subjectRESOURCE ALLOCATION
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL RESIDENCE
dc.subjectRURAL RESIDENTS
dc.subjectSANCTIONS
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSCHOOL ENROLMENT
dc.subjectSEX
dc.subjectSEX BIAS
dc.subjectSEX PREFERENCE
dc.subjectSEX PREFERENCES
dc.subjectSEX RATIO
dc.subjectSEX RATIOS
dc.subjectSOCIAL AFFAIRS
dc.subjectSOCIAL CHANGE
dc.subjectSOCIAL CHANGES
dc.subjectSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectSOCIAL NORMS
dc.subjectSOCIAL SCIENCE
dc.subjectSOCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectSOCIAL STATUS
dc.subjectSOCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectSOCIAL WELFARE
dc.subjectSOCIETAL NORMS
dc.subjectSON PREFERENCE
dc.subjectSTATE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE UNION
dc.subjectTRADITIONAL FAMILY
dc.subjectTRADITIONAL VALUES
dc.subjectUNBORN CHILDREN
dc.subjectUNEDUCATED WOMEN
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN SOCIAL NETWORKS
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectVILLAGE
dc.subjectVILLAGES
dc.subjectWAGE DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subjectWAGE DISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectWAR
dc.subjectWESTERN EUROPE
dc.subjectWIDOW
dc.subjectWIDOWS
dc.subjectWIFE
dc.subjectWILL
dc.subjectWIVES
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.subjectWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectYOUNG COUPLES
dc.titleWhy is Son Preference Declining in South Korea? The Role of Development and Public Policy, and the Implications for China and India

Archivos

Colecciones

AgroKnow