China : Overcoming Rural Poverty
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Washington, DC
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Although China has long been recognized
for its achievements in reducing absolute poverty since
1978, international standards now estimate increased poverty
incidences, particularly among the rural poor, mostly
concentrated in the western provinces, within remote and
mountainous townships, where the absence of educational,
health, and nutritional aspects prevail. The study reviews
the macroeconomic context, analyzing trends in employment,
inflation, as well as fiscal challenges in poverty
reduction, presenting an overview on the poverty reduction
programs, rather focusing on the implementation of new
programs to meet the needs of the poor. It offers measures
to increase mountain areas productivity, through strategic
economic development, improved agriculture programs, and
market analysis. Options for poverty reduction through labor
mobility, or voluntary resettlement are weighed, emphasizing
education, health, and nutrition. While recommendations
include efficient use, and strengthened financial monitoring
of funds for poverty reduction, through increased upland
agricultural production, provision of social sectors, and,
rural enterprise development, forging links with government,
academic, and civil organizations, the report fails to
address the significant emergence of urban absolute poverty,
which may well prod future macroeconomic downturn.
Palabras clave
ABSOLUTE POOR, ABSOLUTE POVERTY, ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS, AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT, ANNUAL SAMPLE, CONSUMPTION DATA, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DROUGHT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EXTREME POVERTY, FARM HOUSEHOLDS, FOOD FOR WORK, GDP, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, IMPROVED ACCESS, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INCOME, INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS, INTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINE, LABOR FORCE, LITERACY, LOCAL LEVEL, MACROECONOMIC CONTEXT, MACROECONOMIC POLICIES, MICROFINANCE PROGRAMS, MONITORING FUNCTION, NATIONAL AVERAGE, NATIONAL POVERTY, NATURAL RESOURCES, NUTRITION, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, PARTICIPATORY POVERTY, PARTICIPATORY POVERTY ASSESSMENT, PARTICIPATORY POVERTY ASSESSMENTS, POLICY MAKING, POOR AREAS, POOR CHILDREN, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR PERSON, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY ESTIMATES, POVERTY GAP, POVERTY INTERVENTIONS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY LINES, POVERTY MONITORING, POVERTY PROGRAMS, POVERTY PROJECTS, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION ACTIVITIES, POVERTY REDUCTION GOALS, POVERTY REDUCTION POLICIES, POVERTY WORK, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, REDUCING POVERTY, REPAYMENT, RESEARCH FINDINGS, RURAL APPRAISAL, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL POOR, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, SECTORAL COMPOSITION, SQUARED POVERTY GAP INDEX, TARGETING, TRANSIENT POOR, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN POOR, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN POVERTY, WATER RESOURCES