Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV)
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The experts who participated in the expert knowledge elicitation (EKE) risk assessment concluded that Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) represents a significant risk to most parts of the world, especially to those countries where tilapia aquaculture or fisheries is important from both food security and commercial perspective.
The experts considered that the main risk pathway is the translocation of live fish (for aquaculture, direct human consumption or ornamental/aquarium fish keeping purposes.
The experts are of the view that the role of trade in uncooked, chilled/frozen whole fish and fish products (such as fillets) as a pathway for disease spread when compared to live fish pathway was considered to be comparatively small.
The risk of TiLV to Pacific island countries and territories and North America were generally considered less than the risk ot TiLV to Asia, Africa and South America, both in terms of lower likelihood of entry, establishment and spread, and associated consequences.
The experts considered that of the sixteen potential measures presented (divided into: (1) movement restrictions, (2) surveillance, (3) basic biosecurity at farm level, and (4) emergency preparedness and response), movement restriction to be the most effective in managing the international spread of TiLV. Measures may include: the prohibition of live tilapia imports; sourcing live tilapia only from populations tested and certified TiLV-free; and quarantine and post arrival testing of imported live tilapia.