Bouncing Back : Forests, Trees, and Resilient Households
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PROFOR, Washington, DC
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This paper examines some of the concepts
surrounding the idea that forests and trees can contribute
to making households more resilient to food insecurity. The
paper begins with a discussion of the widely accepted
definitions of food security, and the implications for our
understanding of the role of forests and trees in
contributing to food security. Authors discuss the origins
of the idea of resilience, adaptability, and transformation
as responses to food insecurity, and the conditions that
increase the capacity of households to become resilient. The
second part of the paper looks at some of the empirical
evidence about the role of forests and trees as household
safety nets, and examines some of the issues around the
reliance on non-timber forest products (particularly
wood-fuel) to produce income. The paper closes with a
discussion of evolving perspectives about landscape
approaches, how these can contribute to building household
resilience to food insecurity, and some of the policies that
can support this goal.
Palabras clave
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES, AFFORESTATION, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, AGRICULTURAL EXPANSION, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL LANDS, AGRICULTURE, AGROFORESTRY, ANIMALS, ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSES, BASIN, BEHAVIORAL CHANGE, BIODIVERSITY, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BIOGEOGRAPHY, BIOMASS, BRAZILIAN AMAZON, BURNING, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CASSAVA, CATCHMENT, CATCHMENT AREAS, CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH, CHARCOAL PRODUCTION, CHRONIC FOOD INSECURITY, CLIMATE CHANGE, COMMERCIALIZATION, COMMUNITY FOREST, COMMUNITY FOREST MANAGEMENT, CROP LOSSES, CROP PRODUCTION, CULTIVATION, DEFORESTATION, DROUGHT, DRY FOREST, ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS, ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY, ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, ECOLOGY, ECONOMIC SHOCKS, ECOSYSTEM, ECOSYSTEMS, ENCROACHMENT, EQUILIBRIUM, EUCALYPTUS, FAMINE, FARM FORESTRY, FARMERS, FARMING SYSTEMS, FIREWOOD, FISHER, FODDER, FOOD INSECURITY, FOOD PLANTS, FOOD POLICY, FOOD PREFERENCES, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD SHORTAGES, FOOD SUPPLIES, FOODS, FOREST, FOREST COVER, FOREST DEGRADATION, FOREST GOVERNANCE, FOREST LANDSCAPE, FOREST LANDSCAPE RESTORATION, FOREST LANDSCAPES, FOREST LOSS, FOREST MONITORING, FOREST ORGANIZATIONS, FOREST PATCHES, FOREST POLICY, FOREST PRODUCT, FOREST REGENERATION, FOREST RESEARCH, FOREST RESOURCES, FOREST SECTOR, FOREST STRUCTURE, FOREST USE, FORESTRY, FORESTRY POLICY, FORESTRY RESEARCH, FORESTS, FREE GRAZING, GROUNDWATER, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY, HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN ACTIVITIES, INCOME, INCOME GAINS, INCOME SHARES, INSURANCE, IRRIGATION, ISSUES, LAND CLEARANCE, LAND COVER, LAND HOLDINGS, LAND MANAGEMENT, LAND RIGHTS, LAND TENURE, LAND USE, LAND USE CHANGE, LAND USES, LAND-USE, LANDHOLDINGS, LANDSCAPE APPROACH, LANDSCAPE PLANNING, LANDSCAPES, LEAF LITTER, LIVELIHOODS, LIVESTOCK, LIVESTOCK SAVINGS, LOCAL FARMERS, MAIZE, MIGRATION, MOUNTAIN SLOPES, NATIONAL FOREST, NATURAL FORESTS, NATURAL REGENERATION, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, NATURAL RESOURCES POLICY, NATURE, NUTRITION, PALM, PASTURE, PLANT, PLANTING, POOR, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR PRODUCERS, POPULATION GROWTH, POTATOES, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY MITIGATION, POVERTY REDUCTION, PROTECTION, RAINFALL, REFORESTATION, RESERVES, RESERVOIRS, RISK MANAGEMENT, ROLE OF FORESTS, RURAL, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL DISTRICT, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL LIVELIHOODS, RURAL PEOPLE, RURAL POOR, RURAL SECTOR, RURAL VILLAGES, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NETS, SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS, SMALL LAND HOLDINGS, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, SOIL EROSION, SOIL FERTILITY, STAPLE FOODS, STEEL, STREAMS, SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, TIMBER, TIMBER FOREST, TIMBER FOREST PRODUCT, TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS, TOURISM, TRANSACTION COSTS, TREE, TREE PLANTING, TREES, TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS, TROPICAL FOREST, TROPICAL FORESTS, VEGETABLES, VILLAGES, WATER HARVESTING, WATERSHED, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, WILDLIFE, WOODLAND, WOODLANDS, WORLD FOOD SUMMIT