Climate Change and Economic Policies in APEC Economies : Synthesis Report

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dc.creatorWorld Bank
dc.date2012-03-19T10:25:25Z
dc.date2012-03-19T10:25:25Z
dc.date2010-11-17
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:59:09Z
dc.descriptionDrawing on several studies on APEC economies, this report discusses economic policy choices for mitigating and adapting to climate change effects. It highlights that APEC economies will have a central role in both sides of climate change. These economies include some of the largest emitters and also those among the most vulnerable to the impact of climate change. The report suggests that action on climate change will require a wide range of economic policy interventions, including most importantly fiscal policies. These will include setting carbon prices that cost emissions properly, liberalizing and strengthening markets so that prices and costs can be passed- through, offsetting other biases towards capital and emissions intensive economic growth and supporting technology based policies. On the adaptation side, the report emphasizes the importance of fiscal policy and investment choice tools that incorporate the uncertainty surrounding the nature and location of climate change effects. The report discusses how emissions reduction through appropriate climate friendly technologies (CFTs) can be an important complement to more politically sensitive mitigation measures (like carbon pricing). At the same time, CFTs can provide co-benefits like rural electrification. The current status of CFTs in APEC economies - their production, use and trade - are discussed along with technology neutral and technology specific policies and trade and investment policies that can support these technologies. Financing these policy interventions - both technology based and otherwise - will require various measures, including efficient market mechanisms that create incentives to reduce mitigation costs, facilitate financing of mitigation efforts through crediting mechanism and emissions trading, and setting up the necessary institutions. This report also considers policy responses to extreme climate events and their impact on the poor at the community level. Finally, since climate change is inherently of a cross-border, regional and even global nature, there is substantial scope for regional cooperation by APEC economies to address climate change issues. This report concludes with some initial thoughts on some key areas for this cooperation.
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dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20101130235513
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/2948
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/2948
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/413884
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectABSOLUTE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectAIR TEMPERATURE
dc.subjectALLOCATION
dc.subjectALLOWANCE
dc.subjectANNUAL COST
dc.subjectAPPROACH
dc.subjectATMOSPHERE
dc.subjectBIOMASS
dc.subjectBUSINESS AS USUAL SCENARIO
dc.subjectCAPITAL COSTS
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectCARBON CAPTURE
dc.subjectCARBON CONTENT
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE
dc.subjectCARBON INTENSITY
dc.subjectCARBON LEAKAGE
dc.subjectCARBON MARKET
dc.subjectCARBON MARKETS
dc.subjectCARBON PRICE
dc.subjectCARBON PRICES
dc.subjectCARBON TAX
dc.subjectCARBON TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectCARBONIZATION
dc.subjectCATASTROPHIC IMPACTS
dc.subjectCLEAN COAL
dc.subjectCLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectCLEAN ENERGY
dc.subjectCLIMATE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGES
dc.subjectCLIMATE POLICY
dc.subjectCLIMATE SYSTEM
dc.subjectCLIMATE-CHANGE
dc.subjectCLIMATE-CHANGE MITIGATION
dc.subjectCO
dc.subjectCO2
dc.subjectCOAL
dc.subjectCONVERGENCE
dc.subjectCOST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
dc.subjectCOST-BENEFIT
dc.subjectCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS
dc.subjectCOST-BENEFIT FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectCOST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS
dc.subjectDAMAGES
dc.subjectDEFORESTATION RATE
dc.subjectDEGREE DAYS
dc.subjectDISCOUNT RATE
dc.subjectDISTRICT HEATING
dc.subjectDIVERGENCE
dc.subjectDOMESTIC SOURCES
dc.subjectDRIVERS OF DEFORESTATION
dc.subjectDROUGHT
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC ANALYSIS
dc.subjectECONOMIC BENEFITS
dc.subjectECONOMIC COSTS
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC IMPACT
dc.subjectECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICIES
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectELECTRICITY DISPATCH
dc.subjectELECTRICITY GENERATION
dc.subjectELECTRICITY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectELECTRICITY GROWTH
dc.subjectELECTRICITY PRICES
dc.subjectELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
dc.subjectELECTRICITY SECTOR
dc.subjectELECTRICITY SUPPLY
dc.subjectEMISSION
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTION
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTION TARGETS
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION
dc.subjectEMISSIONS GROWTH
dc.subjectEMISSIONS INTENSITIES
dc.subjectEMISSIONS INTENSITY
dc.subjectEMISSIONS INVENTORIES
dc.subjectEMISSIONS MITIGATION
dc.subjectEMISSIONS REDUCTION
dc.subjectEMISSIONS REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS TARGETS
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectENERGY INTENSITY
dc.subjectENERGY PRICE
dc.subjectENERGY PRICES
dc.subjectENERGY SECURITY
dc.subjectENERGY SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectENERGY USE
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectEXPLOSIVE
dc.subjectEXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS
dc.subjectEXTREME WEATHER
dc.subjectEXTREME WEATHER EVENTS
dc.subjectFEASIBILITY
dc.subjectFERTILIZATION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECTOR
dc.subjectFISCAL POLICIES
dc.subjectFLOODS
dc.subjectFLUORESCENT LAMP
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREST
dc.subjectFOREST DEGRADATION
dc.subjectFORESTRY
dc.subjectFORESTRY SECTOR
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUEL
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUEL USE
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUELS
dc.subjectFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectFUEL PRICES
dc.subjectFUELS
dc.subjectGASIFICATION
dc.subjectGASOLINE PRICES
dc.subjectGHG
dc.subjectGHGS
dc.subjectGLACIERS
dc.subjectGLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectGLOBAL EMISSIONS
dc.subjectGLOBAL EMISSIONS REDUCTION
dc.subjectGLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subjectGLOBAL WARMING
dc.subjectGREEN HOUSE GASES
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GASES
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE-GAS
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectGROWTH IN DEMAND
dc.subjectHEAT
dc.subjectHUMIDITY
dc.subjectHURRICANE
dc.subjectHURRICANES
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINVESTMENT DECISIONS
dc.subjectIPCC
dc.subjectKILOWATT-HOUR
dc.subjectLAND-USE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectLANDFILL
dc.subjectLANDFILL GAS
dc.subjectLIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS
dc.subjectLOW-CARBON
dc.subjectLOWER COSTS
dc.subjectMARGINAL ABATEMENT
dc.subjectMARGINAL ABATEMENT COST
dc.subjectMARGINAL COST
dc.subjectMARGINAL UTILITY
dc.subjectMARKET DISTORTIONS
dc.subjectMARKET FAILURES
dc.subjectMETEOROLOGICAL STATIONS
dc.subjectMETHANE
dc.subjectNATIONAL GRID
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS
dc.subjectNEGATIVE IMPACTS
dc.subjectOCEANS
dc.subjectOFFSET MITIGATION
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectOIL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPERFORMANCE STANDARDS
dc.subjectPETROLEUM
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPORTFOLIO
dc.subjectPOWER GENERATION
dc.subjectPOWER SECTOR
dc.subjectPOWER STATIONS
dc.subjectPRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE
dc.subjectPRECIPITATION
dc.subjectPRESENT VALUE
dc.subjectPRICE OF COAL
dc.subjectPRICE POLICIES
dc.subjectPRICE SIGNAL
dc.subjectPRICE VOLATILITY
dc.subjectPROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectPROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
dc.subjectR&D FUNDING
dc.subjectRAINFALL
dc.subjectREGIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INITIATIVE
dc.subjectRELATIVE PRICE
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGIES
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
dc.subjectRENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectRESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectRISKS FROM CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectRURAL ELECTRIFICATION
dc.subjectSEQUESTRATION TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectSMALL HYDROPOWER
dc.subjectSOLAR POWER
dc.subjectSTORM SURGES
dc.subjectSTORMS
dc.subjectSUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE
dc.subjectSUBSTITUTION
dc.subjectSUPPLY SIDE
dc.subjectSURFACE TEMPERATURE
dc.subjectTEMPERATURE
dc.subjectTOTAL EMISSIONS
dc.subjectTROPOSPHERE
dc.subjectUNCERTAINTIES
dc.subjectWEATHER CONDITIONS
dc.subjectWIND
dc.subjectWIND POWER
dc.titleClimate Change and Economic Policies in APEC Economies : Synthesis Report

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