Responses to Weather and Climate

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dc.creatorNoack, Frederik
dc.creatorWunder, Sven
dc.creatorAngelsen, Arild
dc.creatorBörner, Jan
dc.date2015-12-18T19:18:26Z
dc.date2015-12-18T19:18:26Z
dc.date2015-11
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:50:26Z
dc.descriptionHow much do poor rural households rely on environmental extraction from natural ecosystems? And how does climate variability impact their livelihoods? This paper sheds light on these two questions with household income data from the Poverty and Environment Network pantropical data set, combined with climate data for the past three decades. The study finds that extraction of wild resources (from natural forests, bushlands, fallows, etc.) provides on average as much income (about 27 percent) as crops across the smallholder sample. The cross-section data on past reactions to household self-perceived economic shocks and observed production reactions to climate anomalies can, respectively, provide hints about livelihood vulnerability to current climate variability, which is likely to worsen with climate change. Forest extraction did not figure among the most favored response strategies to households’ self-perceived economic shocks, but households undertake subtle substitutions in sector production in response to weather anomalies that accentuate suboptimal climatic conditions for cropping. By relying more on forest extraction and wages, households compensate quite successfully for declining crop incomes. This paints a cautiously optimistic picture about fairly flexible rural livelihood reactions to current climate variability, and featuring forests as potentially important in household coping strategies.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/11/25250694/responses-weather-climate-cross-section-analysis-rural-incomes
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/23439
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7478
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/411790
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 7478
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectCALCIUM
dc.subjectPOPULATION DENSITIES
dc.subjectFOREST DEGRADATION
dc.subjectFISH
dc.subjectDURABLE GOODS
dc.subjectTEMPERATURE
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
dc.subjectVARIABLE COSTS
dc.subjectAMAZON FOREST
dc.subjectFOREST MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectREDUCING EMISSIONS
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectPLANT GROWTH
dc.subjectFOREST CONSERVATION
dc.subjectCLIMATE EFFECTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectEXPECTATIONS
dc.subjectSTORMS
dc.subjectPAINTS
dc.subjectHYDROLOGY
dc.subjectWIND
dc.subjectTIMBER
dc.subjectCLIMATES
dc.subjectWOOD PRODUCTS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS
dc.subjectECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectFOREST PLANTATIONS
dc.subjectFOREST AREAS
dc.subjectDIMINISHING RETURNS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectNUTRIENTS
dc.subjectMODELS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH
dc.subjectHUMIDITY
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectCARBON CYCLE
dc.subjectPH
dc.subjectHURRICANES
dc.subjectRESOURCE USE
dc.subjectTERRESTRIAL CARBON CYCLE
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectANNUAL PRECIPITATION
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
dc.subjectBIOMASS
dc.subjectCO2
dc.subjectFOREST PRODUCTS
dc.subjectCLIMATIC CONDITIONS
dc.subjectLABOR COSTS
dc.subjectTROPICS
dc.subjectFOREST-COVER
dc.subjectFOREST EXTRACTION
dc.subjectFOREST PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectFLOODS
dc.subjectCAPACITY
dc.subjectOPTIONS
dc.subjectGLOBAL WARMING
dc.subjectLABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectDRY FOREST
dc.subjectRAINFALL
dc.subjectPOLLUTION
dc.subjectFORESTRY
dc.subjectTROPICAL FORESTS
dc.subjectCARBON SINK
dc.subjectFOREST RESOURCES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectPRECIPITATION
dc.subjectCLIMATE SENSITIVITY
dc.subjectCERTAIN EXTENT
dc.subjectFISHING
dc.subjectLAND USE
dc.subjectPRECIPITATION ANOMALIES
dc.subjectCAPITAL CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectENTITLEMENTS
dc.subjectRESOURCES
dc.subjectEQUITY
dc.subjectECOSYSTEM
dc.subjectLEAD
dc.subjectCLIMATE RESEARCH UNIT
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectIPCC
dc.subjectDROUGHT
dc.subjectFOREST COVER
dc.subjectVALUES
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectELASTICITIES
dc.subjectCREDIT
dc.subjectTEMPERATURE ANOMALIES
dc.subjectDEFORESTATION
dc.subjectCLIMATE
dc.subjectFORESTS
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE USE
dc.subjectCANOPY COVER
dc.subjectTROPICAL DEFORESTATION
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTS
dc.subjectSINK
dc.subjectFOREST
dc.subjectFOREST USE
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COSTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectFERTILIZATION
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE FOREST
dc.subjectCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectCARBON LOSSES
dc.subjectWEATHER PATTERNS
dc.subjectSTREAMS
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectTRADE
dc.subjectLAKES
dc.subjectLAND
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION
dc.subjectCARBON SINKS
dc.subjectFOREST EDGE
dc.subjectTERRESTRIAL CARBON
dc.subjectWEATHER CONDITIONS
dc.subjectCALCIUM CARBONATE
dc.subjectTERRESTRIAL CARBON SINK
dc.subjectRAIN
dc.subjectCRU
dc.subjectGLOBAL PRECIPITATION
dc.subjectNATURAL FORESTS
dc.subjectECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectPROFITS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION PATTERNS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subjectCLIMATOLOGY
dc.subjectCLIMATIC VARIABILITY
dc.subjectPRICES
dc.subjectFOREST EDGES
dc.subjectNEGATIVE IMPACTS
dc.subjectFOREST PRODUCTION
dc.subjectECONOMIES
dc.subjectLAND ECONOMICS
dc.titleResponses to Weather and Climate
dc.titleA Cross-Section Analysis of Rural Incomes
dc.typeWorking Paper
dc.typeDocument de travail
dc.typeDocumento de trabajo

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