Unlocking the Power of Healthy Longevity
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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The World Bank has a long history of
engaging in population issues, ranging from childhood
illness, nutrition, fertility, and safe motherhood to the
aging process. It supports countries in addressing the
implications of the demographic process through analytical
work, technical advice, and financing to expand health
coverage, redesign pension systems and social security, and
undertake actions that support their economies. This report
follows that tradition and analyzes the steps to promote
healthy longevity and enhance the quantity and quality of
human capital through attention to the burgeoning problem of
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Research began before
COVID and concluded after, drawing upon lessons from the
pandemic. The report is intended to inform policy and action
at the country level. The demographic transformation is a
global phenomenon, and the increasing population of the
middle-aged and elderly brings with it many challenges which
are more acute in low- and middle-income countries where
resources are more limited. The increasing number of adults
calls upon countries to institute the social and economic
measures of ensuring their wellbeing and making them
optimally productive. Health must be at the center of these
concerns, not only its preservation towards the end but its
optimization throughout the life-course. This report builds
on a compendium of analytical papers covering the economics
of avoidable mortality, long-term care, behavior change,
social protection, and whole-of-government solutions to
support healthy longevity. It emphasizes that a great deal
of ill health globally is a result of inequities—especially
poverty and gender inequities that limit or delay access to
and use of health care. High out-of-pocket payments for NCDs
can plunge households further into poverty or extreme
poverty. Women live longer with NCD morbidities.
Palabras clave
POPULATION, HEALTH AND NUTRITION, NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, HUMAN CAPITAL, LONGEVITY