Yemen - Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on the Water and Agricultural Sectors and the Policy Implications
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World Bank
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Yemen is particularly vulnerable to
climate change and variability impacts because of its water
dependence and current high levels of water stress. This
natural resource challenge is compounded by demographic
pressure, weak governance and institutions, and by a
deteriorating economic situation. The economic and social
outlook is not bright, and planning and international
support will certainly be needed to help Yemen to adapt to
the further stresses caused by climate change and
variability. In the light of these challenges, the
government has developed a National Adaptation Program of
Action (NAPA). In support of this, the World Bank
commissioned a series of studies of climate change in two
phases: the first phase projected climate change scenarios
for Yemen, and phase two assessed climate change impacts on
the agricultural and water sectors, and outlined possible
policy and program responses. The present study is
essentially a digest of the work done to date, and is
intended as a contribution to Government's process of
assessing vulnerability and adaptation options by: (i)
assessing possible impacts on the water balance and on
agriculture and rural livelihoods; and (ii) reviewing
adaptation options and the priorities for government
policies, strategies and investments.
Palabras clave
ACTUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AIR, ALTITUDE, AMOUNT OF RAINFALL, ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, AQUIFER, AQUIFERS, ARID AREAS, ATMOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY, AVAILABILITY OF WATER, AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL, AVERAGE RAINFALL, BASIN MANAGEMENT, BASINS, BENEFICIAL USE, CALCULATION, CALIBRATION, CATCHMENT, CATCHMENTS, CIVIL SOCIETY, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION, CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION MEASURES, CLIMATE CHANGE ASSESSMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT, CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS, CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUE, CLIMATE CHANGE MODELS, CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS, CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS, CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS, CLIMATE DATA, CLIMATE INDICES, CLIMATE MODELLING, CLIMATE MODELS, CLIMATE RESILIENCE, CLIMATE SCENARIOS, CLIMATE SCIENTISTS, CLIMATE TRENDS, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, CLIMATIC RESEARCH, CLIMATIC ZONES, CLIMATOLOGY, COASTAL AREAS, COASTAL ZONES, COASTS, COMMUNITY WATER, CONVERGENCE, CRU, DECISION MAKERS, DECISION MAKING, DESERTIFICATION, DESERTS, DIESEL, DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL, DIVERGENCE, DROUGHT, DRY CLIMATE, ECOLOGICAL ZONES, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS SCENARIO, EMISSIONS SCENARIOS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EROSION, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, EXTREME EVENTS, EXTREME RAINFALL, EXTREME RAINFALL EVENTS, EXTREME WEATHER, EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS, FARMERS, FARMING, FLOOD RISK, FLOODING, FLOODS, FOG, FUTURE CLIMATE VARIABILITY, GCM, GLOBAL CLIMATE, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL, GLOBAL EMISSIONS, GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER IRRIGATION, GROUNDWATER MINING, GROUNDWATER RECHARGE, GROUNDWATER RESERVES, HIGH TEMPERATURES, HIGH WATER, HUMIDITY, HYDROLOGICAL DATA, HYDROLOGICAL MODEL, HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEM, HYDROLOGICAL UNIT, HYDROLOGY, ICZM, IMPACT OF CLIMATE, IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE, IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, IMPORTS, INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE, INDICATOR OF CLIMATE CHANGE, INDUSTRIAL USERS, INTENSE RAINFALL, INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE, INTERNATIONAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE, IPCC, IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT, IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, ITCZ, LAND DEGRADATION, LOW RAINFALL, MANAGEMENT OF WATER, MANGROVES, MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE, MEAN TEMPERATURE, MEASUREMENTS, METEOROLOGICAL AUTHORITY, METEOROLOGICAL DATA, METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION, MONITORING STATIONS, NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, PERMAFROST, PERMEABILITY, POTENTIAL EVAPORATION, PRECIPITATION, PRESSURE, PROGRAMS, RAIN, RAIN DAYS, RAINFALL, RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION, RAINFALL EVENTS, RAINFALL INCREASES, RAINFALL INTENSITY, RAINFALL PATTERNS, RAINFALL REDUCTIONS, RAINFALL VARIABILITY, RAINWATER, RAINWATER HARVESTING, RAINY SEASONS, REEFS, REMOTE SENSING, RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, RIVER BASIN, RIVERS, SALINITY, SEA, SEA LEVEL RISE, SEASON, SEASONAL RAINFALL, SERVICE PROVISION, SNOW, SOIL CONSERVATION, SOIL MOISTURE, SOILS, SPRING, SPRINGS, STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT, STORM TRACKS, STORMS, SURFACE RUNOFF, SURFACE WATER, TEMPERATE CLIMATE, TEMPERATURE, TEMPERATURE CHANGE, TEMPERATURE DATA, TEMPERATURE INCREASE, TEMPERATURE RECORDS, TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS, TEMPERATURE RISE, TEMPERATURES, TEMPORAL RESOLUTIONS, TEMPORAL VARIABILITY, TROPICS, UNEP, USE OF WATER, VARIABILITY IN RAINFALL, VARIABILITY OF CLIMATE, VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL, VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE, WARMER CLIMATE, WARMER TEMPERATURES, WASTEWATER, WASTEWATER REUSE, WATER ABSTRACTION, WATER APPLICATION, WATER AVAILABILITY, WATER CONSERVATION, WATER CYCLE, WATER DEVELOPMENT, WATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUES, WATER MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCE, WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, WATER SCARCITY, WATER SECTOR, WATER SHORTAGES, WATER USE, WATER USES, WATERCOURSES, WATERSHED, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, WEATHER PATTERNS, WELLS, WIND, WIND PATTERNS, WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY, WINDS, WMO