The GIAHS – Rice Culture System Wannian County in Jiangxi Province, P. R. China. Format for Proposal of Candidate Systems for the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Programme
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Wannian traditional rice is a remarkable old and prototype variety, firstly grown in Heqiao village during the North and South Dynasty (420 AD - 589 AD). Formerly, it is called “Wuyuanzao” and commonly known as “Manggu”. It is a location-specific variety to Heqiao village, and cannot be grown in other areas; It was tested and verified that it can be only grown under the water, soil combination and climate condition in Heqiao village. The traditional rice needs the perennial cold spring water for irrigation, and surrounding forests play a crucial role in soil and water conservation. The surrounding forests and paddy fields are part of the same biodiversity-rich agro-forestry system. The rice is resistant to insects and adapted to low soil fertility. Hence farmers do not need to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides, resulting in a sustainable planting environment and contributing to the biodiversity conservation. Ingenious Wannian people have also documented their experiences in culti vating traditional rice and rice culture since time immemorial. The rice culture is closely related to their daily life, expressed in their customs, food, language, and form an important part of their cultural diversity.