Searching for a New Silver Age in Russia

World Bank

Searching for a New Silver Age in Russia

Autores

World Bank

Editor

Washington, DC

Descripción

Russia’s population is expected to age significantly over the next few decades. The coming decline in Russia’s working-age population will pose serious social and economic challenges, but it can also open up opportunities. Without adequate adjustments of policies and behaviors, an aging population can impair national growth and fiscal sustainability. These pessimistic forecasts, however, are based on the unrealistic assumption that individuals and government policy will not change. Achieving healthy, active, and prosperous aging will require policy changes across a host of areas. Policies to support women can both limit population aging and increase labor force participation. Changes in behavior and policy can greatly mitigate the impact of aging on growth and fiscal sustainability. Promoting adult education and better age-management human resources policies at the firm level is essential to improve the employment prospects for older workers and raise productivity across the age spectrum. This volume presents research from the World Bank on the impact of demographic trends in Russia. The first section focuses on the macroeconomic impacts of aging and considers how aging has affected gross domestic product (GDP) growth and convergence among Russian regions since the early 1990s; it also offers alternative approaches to forecasting the relationship between aging and growth. The second section, dealing with the relationship of human development outcomes and demographics, discusses how family policies can help women have more children, and still attain greater and longer participation in the labor force. The last part addresses the role of adult education in improving Russia’s competitiveness and enabling longer and more productive working lives. A final section pulls together the main conclusions.

Palabras clave

LIVING STANDARDS, UNITED NATIONS POPULATION DIVISION, IMPACT OF POPULATION, SOCIAL NORMS, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, WORKFORCE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, OLDER MEN, FORMAL EDUCATION, IMPACT OF POLICIES, WORKING-AGE POPULATION, OLD AGE, CARE FOR CHILDREN, LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE, SKILLED WORKERS, MIGRATION POLICY, SPOUSE, POLICY FRAMEWORK, FIRST CHILD, FAMILY SUPPORT, LIVE BIRTHS, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LABOR FORCE, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISCRIMINATION, FERTILITY PATTERNS, HEALTH CARE, GENDER EQUITY, BIRTH CONTROL, ADULT EDUCATION, TEACHING MATERIALS, YOUNG MOTHERS, ADULT POPULATION, HEALTH RISKS, FUTURE GENERATIONS, VULNERABILITY, POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT, OLD-AGE, HOSPITAL, INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION, PUBLIC HEALTH, LIFE EXPECTANCY, SPOUSES, SOCIAL TENSIONS, ADULT HEALTH, KNOWLEDGE, PUBLIC POLICY, LABOR MARKET, MATERNITY LEAVE, FAMILY POLICIES, NEWBORNS, DISEASES, GENDER GAP, TRAINING, GENDER STEREOTYPES, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION DIVISION, FERTILITY RATES, INCOME INEQUALITY, FAMILY SIZE, EFFECTS OF POPULATION, COMMUNICATION CAMPAIGN, DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS, MIGRATION, FERTILITY RATE, ADOPTION, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, LONGER LIVES, POLICIES ON LONG-TERM, POOR HEALTH, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, SERVICE PROVISION, SOCIAL SECURITY, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DEPENDENCY RATIOS, OLD- AGE, UNIVERSITY EDUCATION, LABOUR MARKETS, STATE UNIVERSITY, NATURAL RESOURCES, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, MIGRANTS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, DISCRIMINATORY TREATMENT, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, CHILD CARE, ELDERLY, CANCER, PROGRESS, INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS, MARKET ECONOMY, UNEMPLOYMENT, EDUCATED MOTHERS, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, HUMAN CAPITAL, INFANT, MIGRANT, OLDER PEOPLE, POLICIES, LABOR CODE, SOCIAL SERVICES, INSURANCE SCHEMES, OLD MEN, OLDER AGE GROUPS, WOMAN, PENSIONS, LIFELONG LEARNING, VULNERABLE GROUPS, SINGLE CHILD, MARRIED COUPLES, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE, LABOUR MARKET, FAMILY INCOME, LONG-TERM CARE, PUBLIC AWARENESS, IMPACTS OF POPULATION, SOCIAL SCIENCE, EARLY CHILDHOOD, JOB CREATION, ENHANCING WOMEN, EDUCATIONAL SERVICES, MIGRANT WORKERS, NUTRITION, MOTHER, YOUNG CHILDREN, ELDERLY PEOPLE, CHILDBEARING, POLICY, OLDER WOMEN, CITIZENS, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, REPRODUCTIVE AGE, DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS, LIFESTYLES, LARGE FAMILIES, SOCIAL POLICIES, RISK FACTORS, ECONOMIC INEQUALITY, NUMBER OF WORKERS, NUMBER OF WOMEN, SEX, FIRST BIRTH, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, PREGNANT WOMEN, NATURAL GAS, PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, WORKING CONDITIONS, WAR, TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES, PARENTAL LEAVE, NATURAL RESOURCE, NUMBER OF BIRTHS, POPULATION PROJECTIONS, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, DISABILITY, YOUNG PEOPLE, POPULATION, STUDENTS, QUALITY ASSURANCE, GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, LOW FERTILITY, PRIMARY EDUCATION, FERTILITY, OLDER ADULTS, WOMEN, NEWBORN, LABOR MARKETS, HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SOCIAL WORKERS, HEALTH SERVICES, SOCIAL MOBILITY, ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, ABORTION, GENDER EQUALITY, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT