OGM et relations commerciales transatlantiques
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This paper examines some of the trade-related aspects of the transatlantic
conflict over agricultural biotechnology regulation. We first review the notion of
“regulatory protectionism” and the difficulties arising in its definition. We also discuss
its economic rationale in the light of the strategic trade policy literature. Next, we turn
to an empirical assessment of the trade effects of EU biotechnology regulations, verifying
the evidence in support of US claims that those regulations have hurt US agricultural
exports. Preliminary econometric results at a disaggregated level seem to indicate that
there was no shock on US exports of corn seeds for planting in the years 1997-2000.
Evidence for soybeans points to a price effect. The paper then turns to a comparison of
GMO regulation in the US and EU, assessing the importance of trade vs non-trade
issues.