Uruguay : The Rural Sector and Natural Resources, Volume 2. Annexes
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Washington, DC
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The report reviews the macroeconomic
perspectives of Uruguay, focused on its rural development
and natural resources intensive sectors, to form the basis
for expanding agricultural production, and increasing
productivity. It reviews the country's sectoral
composition, exports of natural resource intensive products,
and labor and capital use, as well as the tax burden.
Although agriculture represents less than ten percent of the
gross domestic product (GDP) of Uruguay, the combination of
agriculture, and agro-industry makes up twenty three percent
of GDP, of which half of the output is exported, which
represented in 2000, seventy three percent of the
country's total export earnings, with the composition
of exports, significantly diversified. Nonetheless, the
agricultural sector remains vulnerable to both external
shocks, and domestic factors, and, while the
government's ability to ameliorate the impacts of these
shocks is limited, the likely increasing importance of
international trade calls for a long-term approach to
agricultural, and agro-industrial development. Regarding the
socioeconomic dimensions of the rural economy, its income
distribution is the least-skewed in the region, but,
regardless of the relatively small number of rural poor -
highly dependent on wage labor - given the high levels of
literacy, future efforts should be oriented towards
improving secondary, and technical education. Although the
agricultural sector has demonstrated a capacity to innovate
by adopting technology, and diversifying both production,
and markets, production expansion, and productivity increase
must be compatible with the protection, and conservation of
its natural resource base, with a supportive public
framework in promoting rural areas, encouraged by the
private sector.
Palabras clave
RURAL ENVIRONMENT, RURAL ECONOMICS, NATURAL RESOURCE UTILIZATION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION, LABOR INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGY, CAPITAL UTILIZATION, TAX BURDENS, AGRO-INDUSTRY EXPORTS, EXPORT EARNINGS, EXTERNAL SHOCKS, VULNERABILITY, DOMESTIC REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, WAGE STATISTICS, LITERACY LEVELS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, TECHNICAL EDUCATION, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS, MARKET DEMAND, NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, PUBLIC POLICY, PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION ACCOUNTING, ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE, BANK LENDING, BANK LOANS, BANKING SYSTEM, BORROWING, BORROWING COSTS, CAPITAL FLIGHT, CAPITAL GOODS, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSOLIDATION, DEBT, DEPOSITS, DEREGULATION, DEVALUATION, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC REFORM, ECOSYSTEM, EMPLOYMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCISE TAXES, EXPORT, EXPORT GROWTH, EXPORTS, FARMS, FERTILIZERS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FISHING, FORESTRY, FUELS, GDP, GROUNDWATER, GROWTH POTENTIAL, HIGH LEVELS, INCOME, INCOME TAXES, INDEXATION, INDUSTRIAL SECTOR, INFLATION, INFLATION RATE, INTEREST RATES, INVENTORY, IRRIGATION PURPOSES, LABOR COSTS, LAGOONS, LAKES, LAWS, LEGAL PROVISIONS, LENDING RATES, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MONETARY POLICY, MUNICIPALITIES, NATURAL RESOURCE BASE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NOMINAL INTEREST RATE, OIL, OIL PRICES, OVERHEAD COSTS, PERMITS, PONDS, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRAMS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROPERTY TAXES, PROPRIETORSHIP, PUBLIC ENTERPRISES, RAINFALL, RAINWATER, REAL GDP, RECESSION, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, RETIREMENT, RIVER BEDS, RIVERS, SOIL CONSERVATION, SOIL EROSION, SOILS, STREAMS, SURFACE WATER, SURFACE WATER RESOURCES, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TAKEOVER, TAX RATES, TERMS OF TRADE, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRANSPORT, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, VOTERS, WATER CONSERVATION, WATER POLLUTION, WATERS, WEALTH, WHOLESALE PRICES