Energy Subsidies Reform in Jordan

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dc.creatorAziz, Atamanov
dc.creatorJellema, Jon
dc.creatorSerajuddin, Umar
dc.date2015-06-24T15:29:45Z
dc.date2015-06-24T15:29:45Z
dc.date2015-05-31
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:51:02Z
dc.descriptionAs the Arab Spring unfolded and political unrest spread across the Arab world, Jordan faced an adverse economy as well. Fundamental to the economic challenge was high and rising energy prices, already heavily subsidized for consumers. With the government intent on staving off emerging political unrest through a series of measures, buffering consumers from increased energy prices being a key action, fiscal costs mounted. By 2012, subsidies on petroleum products alone were about 2.8 percent of GDP and 8.8 percent of government expenditures. At the same time, political unrest disrupted the supply of natural gas from Egypt and Jordan abruptly had to switch to using imported oil products (heavy fuel oil and diesel) to produce electricity. Consequently, the cost of producing electricity increased several folds. As the increased cost was not passed on to the consumers, National Electric Power company (NEPCO), bore all the increases in fuel prices and accumulate debt as a result. At approximately 17 percent of government expenditures and 5.5 percent of GDP in 2011, this was twice the amount of the petroleum subsidies. The chapter is organized as follows. Section two traces the evolution of subsidies in Jordan in recent times. The distributional impacts of reform would depend on how important the subsidized items are to consumers in terms of their expenditures on those items. Section three discusses this question from the perspective of richer and poorer households. The distributional impacts of reform would of course not only depend on how much consumers spend on the subsidized items but also on the extent of price changes. Sections four and five simulate direct and indirect impacts of potential reform scenarios across the income distribution. From this discussion, in section six the chapter moves onto considering how reforms are weighed down by vexing political economy constraints. In MENA countries, universal subsidies have been in place as part of the government’s role in ensuring stability in the lives of the people and doing away with them is not straightforward.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24600026/energy-subsidies-reform-jordan-welfare-implications-different-scenarios
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/22051
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/22051
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/411932
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPoverty and Equity Global Practice Working Paper No. 035
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectFUEL SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectRETAIL PRICE
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectHEAVY OIL
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASES
dc.subjectKILOWATT-HOUR
dc.subjectELECTRICITY TARIFF
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINTEREST
dc.subjectPOWER STATIONS
dc.subjectPRIVATIZATION
dc.subjectGENERATION
dc.subjectINCOME GROUP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectELECTRICITY SYSTEM
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectPRODUCER PRICES
dc.subjectGASOLINE CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectGASOLINE
dc.subjectENERGY PRODUCTS
dc.subjectWORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
dc.subjectWELFARE
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectPRICING
dc.subjectGAS
dc.subjectSUBSIDY
dc.subjectPRICE
dc.subjectINPUTS
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectPOWER MIX
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectRETAIL
dc.subjectTRENDS
dc.subjectSAFETY NETS
dc.subjectOIL PRICES
dc.subjectPETROLEUM
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectCURRENCY
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectDEMAND ELASTICITY
dc.subjectFOOD PRICE
dc.subjectPRODUCTS
dc.subjectOIL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectOPTIONS
dc.subjectWATER
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectFUEL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectFISCAL CONSOLIDATION
dc.subjectPRODUCER PRICE INCREASE
dc.subjectSOCIAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectPOWER COMPANY
dc.subjectPRICE ELASTICITY
dc.subjectPRODUCT
dc.subjectPRICE SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectFUELS
dc.subjectGASOLINE PRICES
dc.subjectSUBSIDIES
dc.subjectPOWER PRODUCERS
dc.subjectGASOLINE PRICE
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectPETROLEUM PRICE
dc.subjectPOLITICAL UNREST
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION
dc.subjectDATA AVAILABILITY
dc.subjectSOCIAL SAFETY NETS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT BUDGET
dc.subjectBALANCE
dc.subjectELECTRIC POWER
dc.subjectPRICE ADJUSTMENTS
dc.subjectFUTURE
dc.subjectMARKET PRICES
dc.subjectPOWER
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectPRODUCER PRICE
dc.subjectGAS SUPPLY
dc.subjectPRICE SUPPORT
dc.subjectDEMAND
dc.subjectELECTRICITY GENERATION
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGES
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectHEAVY FUEL OIL
dc.subjectINCOMES
dc.subjectPETROLEUM GAS
dc.subjectELECTRICITY TARIFFS
dc.subjectFUEL PRICES
dc.subjectSALE
dc.subjectSHARES
dc.subjectMARKET
dc.subjectENERGY PRICES
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASE
dc.subjectPETROLEUM SECTOR
dc.subjectSOLAR POWER
dc.subjectOUTPUT
dc.subjectELECTRICITY PRICES
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGOODS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MARKET
dc.subjectSHARE
dc.subjectELECTRICITY PRICE
dc.subjectADVERSE IMPACT
dc.subjectFINANCIAL RISKS
dc.subjectTARIFF
dc.subjectSUPPLY
dc.subjectFUEL
dc.subjectFUEL OIL
dc.subjectGINI COEFFICIENT
dc.subjectAVAILABILITY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectCOMMUNICATION
dc.subjectCOSTS SAVINGS
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES
dc.subjectPETROLEUM PRODUCTS
dc.subjectFOOD PRICES
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION LEVELS
dc.subjectCOMMODITY PRICES
dc.subjectDIESEL
dc.subjectKEROSENE
dc.subjectPRICE OF GASOLINE
dc.subjectCOMMODITY
dc.subjectPRODUCERS OF PETROLEUM
dc.subjectPRICES
dc.subjectAPPROACH
dc.subjectSPREAD
dc.subjectENERGY
dc.titleEnergy Subsidies Reform in Jordan
dc.titleWelfare Implications of Different Scenarios
dc.typeReport
dc.typeRapport
dc.typeInforme

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