Labeling of Genetically Modified Foods:Stakeholder Perceptions of theFood and Drug Administration’s Public Consultation ProcessesandFood Industry Reactions to theUnited States Voluntary and European Union Mandatory Policies
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Genetically modified (GM) foods are widely used in the United States of America (US); however, many consumers are unaware that they are consuming GM foods. Food labeling to inform consumers that a product is GM or is not GM has been proposed to reduce the information asymmetry between sellers and buyers. The guidance for industry for voluntary labeling of GM and non-GM foods proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2001 was the main focus of the research. Represent atives of the biotechnology industry, conventional and organic farmers, food manufacturers, critics of agricultural biotechnology and consumer rights advocates, as well as US officials and researchers, were interviewed from May 2003-April 2004. Their views about labeling policies were compared with official records and research about consumer perceptions of GM foods and labeling.