Enhanced Financial Mechanisms for Post 2012 Mitigation
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Despite the many calls to reform the
CDM, its conceptual underpinnings are strong and it will
most likely survive in the post-2012 climate regime. Some
modifications may be considered in the short term to
strengthen the effectiveness and transparency of the
mechanism without modifying the Marrakesh Accords. In the
medium term substantially increased mitigation efforts in
developing countries may require a combination of three
possible financial mechanisms: the current activity-based
CDM albeit improved, a second market mechanism that would
seek to improve the long term emission trends of developing
countries by promoting broad based emission reduction
programs primarily in the private sector, and a third
financial mechanism outside of the market which would be an
incentive for the adoption of policy changes leading to a
low carbon path, but where emission reductions would not be
used as international offsets.
Palabras clave
ABATEMENT, ABATEMENT POTENTIAL, ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES, ALUMINUM, ALUMINUM PRODUCERS, ANNUAL EMISSIONS, ASSESSMENT PROCESS, BASELINE EMISSION, BASELINE EMISSIONS, CALCULATION, CARBON, CARBON CREDIT, CARBON CREDITING, CARBON CREDITS, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARBON FINANCE, CARBON INTENSITY, CARBON MARKETS, CARBON PRICE, CERTIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS, CERTIFIED PROJECT ACTIVITY, CH4, CHEMICALS, CLEAN AIR, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM, CLEAN ENERGY, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION POLICIES, CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES, CLIMATE PROTECTION, CO, CO2, COAL, COAL MINING, COMPLIANCE COSTS, CONSUMPTION PATTERNS, COST ABATEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, COSTS OF COMPLIANCE, CUMULATIVE EMISSIONS, DECISION MAKING, DEFORESTATION, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DOMESTIC EMISSIONS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMICS, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY SECTOR, EMISSION, EMISSION FACTOR, EMISSION INTENSITY, EMISSION LEVELS, EMISSION LIMITATION, EMISSION PATHS, EMISSION REDUCING, EMISSION REDUCTION, EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS, EMISSION REDUCTION MARKET, EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAMS, EMISSION REDUCTION UNITS, EMISSION REDUCTIONS, EMISSION RIGHTS, EMISSION TARGETS, EMISSION TRADING, EMISSION TRAJECTORIES, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS ABATEMENT, EMISSIONS BASELINE, EMISSIONS REGULATIONS, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY INTENSITY, ENERGY INTENSIVE, ENERGY PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FORESTRY, FOSSIL FUEL, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FUEL SWITCH, FUEL TYPE, GLOBAL CARBON EMISSIONS, GLOBAL CARBON MARKET, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL EMISSION, GLOBAL EMISSION REDUCTIONS, GLOBAL EMISSIONS, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACILITY, GLOBAL WARMING, GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GWP, HFC23, HFCS, HYDROFLUOROCARBONS, INCOME, INDUSTRIAL ENERGY, INDUSTRIAL GAS, INDUSTRIAL GASES, INDUSTRIAL GASSES, INFLATION, IPCC, IRON, JOINT IMPLEMENTATION, LANDFILL, LANDFILL GAS, LANDFILLS, LEGISLATION, LEVEL OF EMISSIONS, MARKET MECHANISM, MEMBER STATES, METHANE, METHANE CAPTURE, MINES, MITIGATION ACTIONS, MITIGATION POTENTIAL, MONTREAL, MONTREAL PROTOCOL, N2O, NITROUS OXIDE, OIL, PERFLUOROCARBON, PFC, PFCS, POLICY DECISIONS, POWER PLANT, POWER PLANTS, PRODUCERS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, RECYCLING, REDUCING EMISSIONS, REDUCTION OF EMISSIONS, REGIONAL EMISSIONS, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RIVERS, SF6, SILVER, STABILIZATION, SULPHUR, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, TRADABLE CARBON, TRADABLE EMISSION, TRANSFER OF EMISSION REDUCTIONS, UNEP, VALIDATION STAGE, VOLUNTARY BASIS, VOLUNTARY COMMITMENTS, WASTE