Liberalizing Trade in Agriculture: Developing Countries in Asia and the Post-Doha Agenda
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World Bank, Washington, D.C.
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The author provides an overview and data
relevant to the interests of developing countries as they
engage in continuing agricultural trade negotiations set
forth in the World Trade Organization Ministerial held in
Doha, Qatar in November 2001. He examines country
performance in agricultural trade, income levels, and
population characteristics, with a focus on developing
country members of the Asian Development Bank. The author
concludes that trends in agricultural trade in the past 10
years are quite heterogeneous across developing regions.
Shares of agriculture in GDP are still high in the East Asia
and Pacific and South Asia regions. Moreover, data indicate
that trade reform in export partners, particularly OECD
countries, will affect a significant share of the population
in these developing countries, resulting in rural poverty
alleviation. Trade liberalization is expected to benefit net
exporter countries, particularly those that are highly open
to trade. What is also important, but often neglected, is a
country's pattern of specialization between domestic
supply and exports. The impact of trade reform through the
WTO negotiations, particularly reforms undertaken in
exporting partners can therefore have important implications
in the post-Doha development agenda.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ADB, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AGRICULTURAL EXPORTERS, AGRICULTURAL MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL NEGOTIATIONS, AGRICULTURAL POLICIES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL TRADE, AGRICULTURE, APPLIED TARIFF, APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY, ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, AVERAGE TARIFF, CHANGES IN TRADE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES, COMPETITION RULES, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVE MARKETS, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSUMERS, COUNTRY MARKETS, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, DOMESTIC PRODUCERS, DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, ECONOMIC COOPERATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EXPORT RESTRICTIONS, EXPORT SUBSIDIES, EXPORT VALUE, EXPORTERS, EXPORTS, FARMERS, FOOD EXPORTS, FOOD SUPPLY, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FREE ACCESS, FRUITS, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GUARANTEE PRICES, IMPACT OF TRADE, IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION, IMPORT PRICES, IMPORT VALUE, INCOME, INCOME LEVELS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LDCS, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET SHARE, MUTUAL RECOGNITION, NET EXPORTER, NET EXPORTERS, NET EXPORTS, NET IMPORTS, OPENNESS, PATTERN OF SPECIALIZATION, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRICE OF IMPORTS, PRICE SUPPORT, PRICE SUPPORTS, PRODUCTIVITY, QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS, QUOTAS, RATES OF PROTECTION, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL POVERTY ALLEVIATION, TARIFF EQUIVALENTS, TARIFF PROTECTION, TARIFF RATE, TARIFF RATES, TARIFF REDUCTION, TARIFF REDUCTIONS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TRADE, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE FLOWS, TRADE INDICATORS, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRADE OBJECTIVES, TRADE PATTERNS, TRADE POLICY, TRADE POLICY REFORM, TRADE REFORM, TRADE RESTRICTIONS, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, UNILATERAL REDUCTION, URUGUAY ROUND, VALUATION, VALUE OF EXPORTS, VEGETABLES, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO TRADE LIBERALIZATION, AGRICULTURAL TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, DEMOGRAPHY, INCOME LEVELS, TRADE REGIME, EXPORT PERFORMANCE, DOMESTIC TRADE, PROTECTIVE TARIFFS, ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, FOOD IMPORTS, MARKET ACCESS, EXPORT SUBSIDIES, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, AFLATOXINS, FOOD STANDARDS, FOOD SAFETY, GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS