Together We Will : Experimental Evidence on Female Voting Behavior in Pakistan

Giné, Xavier; Mansuri, Ghazala

Together We Will : Experimental Evidence on Female Voting Behavior in Pakistan

Autores

Descripción

In many emerging democracies women are less likely to vote than men and, when they do vote, are more likely to follow the wishes of household males. The authors assess the impact of a voter awareness campaign on female turnout and candidate choice. Geographic clusters within villages were randomly assigned to treatment or control, and within treated clusters, some households were left untreated. Compared with women in control clusters, both treated and untreated women in treated clusters are 12 percentage points more likely to vote, and are also more likely to exercise independence in candidate choice, indicating large spillovers. Data from polling stations suggest that treating 10 women increased turnout by about 9 votes, resulting in a cost per vote of US$ 2.3. Finally, a 10 percent increase in the share of treated women at the polling station led to a 6 percent decrease in the share of votes of the winning party.

Palabras clave

ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ACTIVE PARTICIPATION, ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN, BARRIERS TO WOMEN, BULLETIN, CANDIDATES, CAPACITY BUILDING, CITIZEN, CONSTITUENCIES, CONSTITUENCY, COURT, DEMOCRACY, DEVELOPED DEMOCRACIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISABILITY, DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMICS, EDUCATION OF CHILDREN, ELECTED REPRESENTATIVE, ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES, ELECTION, ELECTIONS, ELECTORAL PROCESS, ELECTORAL SYSTEM, EMERGING DEMOCRACIES, EMPOWERMENT, FEMALE, FEMALE LITERACY, FEMALES, FERTILITY, FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION, GENDER, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER GAP, GENDER ROLE, GENDER ROLES, GPS, HEALTH CENTERS, HOME, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSING, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RIGHTS, HUSBANDS, ILLITERACY, IMPORTANT POLICY, INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS, INTERNATIONAL COVENANT, INTERNATIONAL LAW, INTERNATIONAL WOMEN, JUDGES, LABOUR MARKET, LACK OF AWARENESS, LACK OF INFORMATION, LACK OF KNOWLEDGE, LAWS, LEGISLATION, LITERACY RATES, LOCAL ELECTIONS, MALES, MOTHER, NATIONAL PROGRESS, NATIONAL RESOURCES, NGOS, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS, NUMBER OF WOMEN, PARLIAMENTARIANS, PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN, PEACE, PEER PRESSURE, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL ISSUES, POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, POLITICAL PARTIES, POLITICAL PARTY, POLITICAL RIGHTS, POLLING STATION, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, PRESIDING OFFICER, PRIME MINISTER, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROGRESS, PROVISION OF INFORMATION, PUBLIC LIFE, PUBLIC OPINION, PUBLIC POLICY, RADIO, RELIGIOUS LEADERS, REPORTER, REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RIGHTS OF WOMEN, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL WOMEN, SOCIAL PRESSURE, SOCIAL SCIENCE, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SPILLOVER, SPOUSE, SPOUSES, SUFFRAGE, TRANSPORTATION, TV, VIOLENCE, VOTER TURNOUT, VOTING PATTERNS, VOTING RECORDS, WIFE, WILL, WIVES, WOMAN, WOMEN LEADERS, YOUNG ADULTHOOD, YOUNG CHILDREN