Brazil Low Carbon Case Study : Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry
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Washington, DC
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This report presents the partial results
related to land use, land-use change and the forestry sector
from a larger multisectoral low-carbon study for Brazil.
Since the 1992 Kyoto Accord, Brazil has been committed to
reducing its carbon emissions. The overall aim of this study
was to support Brazil's efforts to identify
opportunities to reduce its emissions in ways that foster
economic development. The primary objective was to provide
the Brazilian government with the technical inputs needed to
assess the potential and conditions for low-carbon
development in key emitting sectors. To this end, the World
Bank study adopted a programmatic approach in line with the
Brazilian government's long-term development
objectives. These are: to anticipate the future evolution of
Brazil's emissions to establish a Reference Scenario;
identify and quantify lower carbon-intensive options to
mitigate emissions, as well as potential options for carbon
uptake; assess the costs of these low-carbon options,
identify barriers to their adoption, and explore measures to
overcome them; and build a low-carbon emissions scenario
that meets the same development expectations. The study also
analyzed the macroeconomic effects of shifting from the
Reference Scenario to the low-carbon one and the financing
required. Reference-scenario results for these main areas
show that deforestation remains the key driver of
Brazil's future emissions through 2030. The study
evaluated the mitigation and carbon uptake options,
assessing all the relevant sub-sectors for each sector;
determined the viability of the options investigated; and
finally, constructed low-carbon scenarios for each sector to
assist them lowering their greenhous gas (GHG) carbon emissions.
Palabras clave
ADVERSE EFFECTS, AEROSOL EMISSIONS, AEROSOLS, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL EMISSIONS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AIR, AIR POLLUTION, AIR TEMPERATURE, ALLOCATION, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, ALTITUDE, AMAZON DEFORESTATION, AMAZON RAINFOREST, ANNUAL EMISSIONS, ANNUAL GLOBAL EMISSIONS, ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, ATLANTIC FOREST, ATMOSPHERE, AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY, AVERAGE TEMPERATURE, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, BIOMASS, CALCULATION, CARBON, CARBON BALANCE, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON ECONOMY, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARBON EQUIVALENT, CARBON INTENSITY, CARBON INVENTORIES, CARBON LEAKAGE, CARBON MARKET, CARBON PRICE, CARBON PRICES, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CARBON STOCK, CARBON UPTAKE, CATTLE RAISING, CH4, CHANGES IN LAND USE, CHARCOAL PRODUCTION, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM, CLEAN ENERGY, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATOLOGY, CO, CO2, COAL, COLORS, CROP LANDS, CUMULATIVE EMISSIONS, CUMULUS, DEFORESTATION, DEFORESTATION RATES, DEGRADED AREAS, DEGRADED FORESTS, DIFFUSION, DISCOUNT RATE, DISCOUNT RATES, DRIVERS OF DEFORESTATION, EARTH SUMMIT, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC BENEFITS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMICS, ECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, ECOSYSTEM, ECOSYSTEMS, ELECTRICITY, EMISSION, EMISSION SOURCES, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS ABATEMENT, EMISSIONS ESTIMATES, EMISSIONS FACTORS, EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE, EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION, EMISSIONS FROM LAND USE, EMISSIONS FROM LIVESTOCK, EMISSIONS INVENTORIES, EMISSIONS MITIGATION, EMISSIONS PROFILE, EMISSIONS PROJECTIONS, EMISSIONS REDUCTION, EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS, EMISSIONS RESULTS, EMISSIONS SCENARIO, ENERGY BALANCE, ENERGY CONSERVATION, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, ENERGY PLANNING, ENERGY PRODUCTION, ENERGY SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, EQUILIBRIUM, ETHANOL, EXPENDITURES, FINANCIAL INCENTIVES, FINANCIAL MECHANISM, FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREST COVER, FOREST DEGRADATION, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FOREST PLANTATIONS, FOREST PRODUCTIVITY, FOREST PROTECTION, FOREST RECOVERY, FOREST REGROWTH, FOREST RESERVES, FOREST RESTORATION, FOREST SERVICE, FOREST SPECIES, FORESTRY, FORESTRY ACTIVITIES, FORESTRY SECTOR, FORESTS, FOSSIL ENERGY, FOSSIL FUEL, FOSSIL FUELS, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FUEL CONSUMPTION, GAS PRODUCTION, GAS SECTOR, GHG, GHGS, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION, GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION TARGET, GREENHOUSE GASES, GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, HFCS, HYDROFLUOROCARBONS, INCOME, INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SUPPORT, IPCC, IRON, LAND FOR AGRICULTURE, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAND USE, LAND-USE CHANGE, LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS, LIVESTOCK ACTIVITIES, LIVESTOCK EMISSIONS, LNG, LOW-CARBON, MARGINAL ABATEMENT, MARGINAL ABATEMENT COST, MARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTS, METEOROLOGY, METHANE, METHANE EMISSIONS, MINES, MITIGATION POTENTIAL, MMA