The Human Resources for Health Crisis in Zambia : An Outcome of Health Worker Entry, Exit, and Performance within the National Health Labor Market

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dc.creatorVledder, Monique
dc.creatorHerbst, Christopher H.
dc.creatorCampbell, Karen
dc.creatorSjöblom, Mirja
dc.creatorSoucat, Agnes
dc.date2012-03-19T09:03:41Z
dc.date2012-04-04T07:43:58Z
dc.date2012-03-19T09:03:41Z
dc.date2012-04-04T07:43:58Z
dc.date2011-04-26
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:03:51Z
dc.descriptionThis report compiles recent evidence on the Zambian health labor market and provides some baseline information on human resources for health (HRH) to help the government address its HRH challenges. Rather than focusing on making policy recommendations, the report is designed to be a source book to benefit and fuel discussions related to HRH in Zambia. Most of the data presented in the report covers the period 2005-08. The report analyzes the national health labor market to better understand the available evidence related to the stock, distribution, and performance of HRH in Zambia (that is, the HRH outcomes). It aims to explain those HRH outcomes by mapping, assessing, and analyzing pre-service education and labor market dynamics, that is, the flow of health workers into, within, and out of the health labor market, as well as the core factors influencing these dynamics. Finally, this report examines the issue of access and equity of HRH. It finds that even if health workers are available, in either urban or rural areas, and performing adequately, the wealthy in Zambia have better access to services than the poor. This situation is found in most if not all other countries. The report finds that as far as access to health workers is concerned, the poor generally loose out. It also reveals that even if health workers are available, wealthier segments of the population often continue to have better access to health workers than poorer segments. Wealthier women have the highest probability of receiving any antenatal care. There is an even steeper pro-rich gradient in delivery attendance in Zambia. In contrast to antenatal care, there is little variation across socioeconomic quintiles among those seeking medical treatment for children with diarrhea or cough and fever. The poor are slightly more likely to be visited by a health worker and receive certain services during visits. The factors linked to these variations in use of services remain to be examined (they could be linked to expense, fear of receiving care from an individual belonging to a higher social stratum, or different gender, and so forth). Either way, they should be taken into consideration when planning to improve access for the poor to health care services and providers.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20110518003242
dc.identifier978-0-8213-8761-0
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/2303
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/5938
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8761-0
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/414892
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank
dc.relationWorld Bank Working Paper ; No. 214. Africa Human Development Series
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectAGGRESSIVE
dc.subjectAGING
dc.subjectAID
dc.subjectAIDS RELIEF
dc.subjectANTENATAL CARE
dc.subjectBEDS
dc.subjectBIRTH ATTENDANT
dc.subjectBLOOD SAMPLES
dc.subjectBULLETIN
dc.subjectCENSUSES
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY
dc.subjectCHILDBIRTH
dc.subjectCITIES
dc.subjectCITIZENS
dc.subjectCLINICS
dc.subjectCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES
dc.subjectCOTS
dc.subjectCOUNSELING
dc.subjectCOUNTRY OF ORIGIN
dc.subjectDEATH RATE
dc.subjectDEATH RATES
dc.subjectDEATHS
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDENTAL ASSISTANT
dc.subjectDENTIST
dc.subjectDENTISTRY
dc.subjectDENTISTS
dc.subjectDIAGNOSIS
dc.subjectDIARRHEA
dc.subjectDIARRHEAL DISEASES
dc.subjectDISSEMINATION
dc.subjectDOCTOR
dc.subjectDOCTORS
dc.subjectDROPOUT
dc.subjectEMERGENCY PLAN
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
dc.subjectESSENTIAL DRUGS
dc.subjectEXHAUSTION
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXTERNAL MIGRATION
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFEVER
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENERAL PRACTITIONERS
dc.subjectGROSS NATIONAL INCOME
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE DELIVERY
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH CENTERS
dc.subjectHEALTH FACILITIES
dc.subjectHEALTH MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectHEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectHEALTH OUTCOMES
dc.subjectHEALTH PLANNING
dc.subjectHEALTH POSTS
dc.subjectHEALTH PROFESSIONAL
dc.subjectHEALTH PROFESSIONALS
dc.subjectHEALTH RISKS
dc.subjectHEALTH SECTOR
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICE
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICE PROVIDERS
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICE PROVISION
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH SPECIALIST
dc.subjectHEALTH SYSTEM
dc.subjectHEALTH SYSTEMS
dc.subjectHEALTH TRAINING
dc.subjectHEALTH WORKFORCE
dc.subjectHIV
dc.subjectHIV INFECTION
dc.subjectHIV/AIDS
dc.subjectHOSPITAL
dc.subjectHOSPITAL MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectHOSPITALS
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectILLNESS
dc.subjectILLNESSES
dc.subjectIMMIGRATION
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINFORMATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectINTERNAL MIGRATION
dc.subjectINTERVENTION
dc.subjectJOB OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABORATORY WORKERS
dc.subjectLEGAL STATUS
dc.subjectLIVE BIRTHS
dc.subjectLIVING CONDITIONS
dc.subjectMALARIA
dc.subjectMALARIAL DRUGS
dc.subjectMATERNAL HEALTH
dc.subjectMATERNAL MORTALITY
dc.subjectMATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO
dc.subjectMEDICAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectMEDICAL DOCTORS
dc.subjectMEDICAL PRACTICE
dc.subjectMEDICAL SCHOOL
dc.subjectMEDICAL SCHOOLS
dc.subjectMEDICAL TREATMENT
dc.subjectMIDWIFE
dc.subjectMIDWIVES
dc.subjectMIGRATION
dc.subjectMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF HEALTH
dc.subjectMORBIDITY
dc.subjectMORBIDITY AND MORTALITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY RATE
dc.subjectMORTALITY RATES
dc.subjectMOTHER
dc.subjectMOTHER-TO-CHILD
dc.subjectMOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION
dc.subjectMOTHERS
dc.subjectNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
dc.subjectNATIONAL LEGISLATION
dc.subjectNATIONAL LEVEL
dc.subjectNEONATAL DEATH
dc.subjectNUMBER OF WORKERS
dc.subjectNURSE
dc.subjectNURSES
dc.subjectNURSING
dc.subjectNURSING HOMES
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectNUTRITIONISTS
dc.subjectPARASITIC DISEASES
dc.subjectPATIENTS
dc.subjectPERINATAL MORTALITY
dc.subjectPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
dc.subjectPHARMACIST
dc.subjectPHARMACISTS
dc.subjectPHARMACY
dc.subjectPHYSICIAN
dc.subjectPHYSICIANS
dc.subjectPHYSIOTHERAPISTS
dc.subjectPNEUMONIA
dc.subjectPOPULATION DENSITY
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPREGNANCIES
dc.subjectPREGNANCY
dc.subjectPREMATURE DEATH
dc.subjectPREVALENCE
dc.subjectPRIMARY CARE
dc.subjectPRIMARY HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectPRIVATE PHARMACIES
dc.subjectPROBABILITY
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPROVINCIAL HOSPITALS
dc.subjectPROVISION OF ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectPSYCHIATRY
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS
dc.subjectPUBLIC HOSPITALS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICE
dc.subjectRADIOGRAPHY
dc.subjectRESOURCE NEEDS
dc.subjectROOMS
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectSCHOOL HEALTH
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectSPECIALISTS
dc.subjectSTILLBIRTH
dc.subjectSURGEONS
dc.subjectTHERAPIST
dc.subjectTHERAPY
dc.subjectTRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectTROPICAL MEDICINE
dc.subjectTUBERCULOSIS
dc.subjectUNDER-FIVE MORTALITY
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL ACCESS
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL ACCESS TO TREATMENT
dc.subjectUNMET DEMAND
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectUSER FEES
dc.subjectWAR
dc.subjectWORK ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectWORKING CONDITIONS
dc.subjectWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.titleThe Human Resources for Health Crisis in Zambia : An Outcome of Health Worker Entry, Exit, and Performance within the National Health Labor Market

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