Mongolia : Development Impacts of Solar-Powered Electricity Services
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Washington, DC
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Mongolia is a vast landlocked country
with a relatively small population. Other than those living
in the capital city and a few urban centers, the rest of its
citizens (about 35 percent or one million people) are
geographically disbursed throughout the rural countryside.
Among them about three quarters are nomadic herders living
in portable tents (gers). Given the immense logistical and
climatic challenges, rural electrification was largely
undeveloped until the Government launched the National
100,000 Solar Ger Electrification Program in 1999. The
World Bank-assisted Renewable Energy and Rural Electricity
Access Project (REAP) was conceived in 2006 to help the
Government revitalize the 100k Program and remove other
barriers to rural electrification. The ultimate objective
of the project was to increase electricity access and
improve the reliability of services in off-grid soum centers
and amongst the herder population. The main portion of this
report is divided into two chapters (Chapters 2-3). Chapter
2 is a brief description of the two beneficiary surveys
carried out after REAP was completed. It includes the
methodologies used, the survey processes, and the
survey's areas of focus. Chapter 3 presents the main
results and findings of the surveys based on qualitative and
quantitative information and data collected. They include
three main aspects: use and sustainability of REAP portable
photovoltaic solar home systems; immediate impacts of the
resulting changes in energy use patterns; and where the
availability and use of electricity have the most impact on
the nomadic herder community's quality of life and development.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, ACCESS TO ENERGY, ACCESS TO ENERGY SERVICES, ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE, ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, AGE DISTRIBUTION, AGED, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAM, ANTENNA, AVAILABILITY, BEST PRACTICES, BROADCASTS, BUSINESS INFORMATION, BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAR BATTERIES, CELL PHONE, CELL PHONES, CHILD CARE, CHILDBIRTH, CITIES, CITIZENS, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, CLINICS, COMMODITY, COMPACT FLUORESCENT LIGHT BULBS, CONSUMER ELECTRONICS, CONSUMER GOODS, COPYRIGHT, COUNTRYSIDE, CUSTOMER SATISFACTION, DATA ENTRY, DATA PROCESSING, DECISION MAKING, DEMOCRACY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DIESEL, DIESEL GENERATORS, DIET, DISASTERS, DISEASES, DISSEMINATION, DISTANCE LEARNING, DISTRICTS, DRUGS, DRY CELL BATTERIES, E-MAIL, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIFICATION, ELECTRONIC DEVICES, EMERGENCIES, EMERGENCY CARE, EMERGENCY SITUATIONS, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, ENERGY MANAGEMENT, ENERGY NEEDS, ENERGY OUTLOOK, ENERGY PLANNING, ENERGY POLICIES, ENERGY RESOURCES, ENERGY USE, EQUIPMENT, EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION, EXTENDED FAMILY, FAMILIES, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY SIZE, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FORM OF ELECTRICITY, FORMAL EDUCATION, FUEL, FUEL SUPPLY, GENDER, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER GAPS, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENDER ISSUES, GEOGRAPHICAL AREA, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH SERVICES, HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION, HIV, HOSPITAL, HOSPITALS, HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, HUSBANDS, ILLNESS, ILLNESSES, IMMUNIZATION, IMMUNODEFICIENCY, IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD, IMPROVEMENTS IN ACCESS, INFORMED DECISIONS, INJURIES, INNOVATION, INSTALLATION, INSTALLATIONS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, ISOLATION, KEROSENE, LABOR MARKET, LEGAL STATUS, LEISURE ACTIVITIES, LICENSES, LIVING CONDITIONS, LIVING STANDARDS, MARKET INFORMATION, MARKET PRICE, MARKETING, MATERIAL, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES, MEAT, MEDICAL ATTENTION, MEDICAL CONDITIONS, MEDICAL SERVICES, MENU, MIGRATION, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MINERAL RESOURCES, MOBILE PHONE, MOBILE PHONES, MORTALITY, NATURAL DISASTERS, NURSES, OIL, OPEN ACCESS, PARENTING, PATIENT, PEACE, PEAK CAPACITY, PEAK LOAD, POLICY DEVELOPMENT, POLICY RESEARCH, POWER CONSUMPTION, POWER GENERATORS, POWER GRID, POWER SECTOR, POWER SHORTAGES, PREGNANCIES, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRESS, PROJECT MANAGEMENT, QUALITY CONTROL, QUALITY OF LIFE, QUERIES, RADIO, RADIOS, REDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITY, RELIABILITY, RELIABILITY OF SERVICES, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET, RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY, RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAM, RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY, RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY, RENEWABLE RESOURCES, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, RESPECT, RESPIRATORY DISEASES, RESULT, RESULTS, RETAIL PRICE, RETAIL PRICES, RURAL AREAS, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL RESIDENTS, RURAL WOMEN, SAFETY, SAND, SATELLITE, SCHOOL YEAR, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SETTLEMENTS, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, SITES, SOCIAL CHANGES, SOCIAL POLICY, SOCIAL RESEARCH, SOFTWARE PROGRAM, SOLAR ENERGY, SOLAR HOME SYSTEM, SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS, SOLAR POWER, SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY, SPOUSE, SPOUSES, STIS, SUNLIGHT, SUPERVISION, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TARGETS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TELECOM, TELEPHONE, TELEVISION, TELEVISION CHANNELS, TELEVISIONS, TENTS, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TIMELY ACCESS, TRANSMISSION, TRANSPORTATION, TV, UNEQUAL POWER, UNEQUAL POWER RELATIONS, UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND, UNIVERSITY EDUCATION, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, USE OF ENERGY, USER, USERS, VERIFICATION, VIDEO, VULNERABILITY, WEB, WIND, WIND POWER, WOMAN, YOUNG CHILDREN