Nutrient adequacy is low among both self-declared lacto-vegetarian and non-vegetarian pregnant women in Uttar Pradesh

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dc.creatorBellows, Alexandra L.
dc.creatorKachwaha, Shivani
dc.creatorGhosh, Sebanti
dc.creatorKappos, Kristen
dc.creatorEscobar-Alegria, Jessica
dc.creatorMenon, Purnima
dc.creatorNguyen, Phuong Hong
dc.date2020-09-01
dc.date2024-05-22T12:11:09Z
dc.date2024-05-22T12:11:09Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T15:25:32Z
dc.descriptionPoor dietary intake during pregnancy remains a significant public health concern, affecting the health of the mother and fetus. This study examines the adequacy of energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes among self-declared lacto-vegetarian and non-vegetarian pregnant women. We analyzed dietary data from 627 pregnant women in Uttar Pradesh, India, using a multiple-pass 24 h diet recall. Compared to non-vegetarians, lacto-vegetarians (~46%) were less likely to report excessive carbohydrate (78% vs. 63%) and inadequate fat intakes (70% vs. 52%). In unadjusted analyses, lacto-vegetarians had a slightly higher mean PA for micronutrients (20% vs. 17%), but these differences were no longer significant after controlling for caste, education, and other demographic characteristics. In both groups, the median intake of 9 out of 11 micronutrients was below the Estimated Average Requirement. In conclusion, the energy and micronutrient intakes were inadequate, and the macronutrient intakes were imbalanced, regardless of stated dietary preferences. Since diets are poor across the board, a range of policies and interventions that address the household food environment, nutrition counseling, behavior change, and supplementation are needed in order to achieve adequate nutrient intake for pregnant women in this population.
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/142833
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/103996
dc.languageen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceBellows, Alexandra L.; Kachwaha, Shivani; Ghosh, Sebanti; Kappos, Kristen; Escobar-Alegria, Jessica; Menon, Purnima; and Nguyen, Phuong Hong. 2020. Nutrient adequacy is low among both self-declared lacto-vegetarian and non-vegetarian pregnant women in Uttar Pradesh. Nutrients 12(7): 2126. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072126
dc.subjectmaternal and child health
dc.subjectvegetarians
dc.subjectpregnancy
dc.subjecthealth
dc.subjectnutrient intake
dc.subjectcapacity development
dc.subjectmalnutrition
dc.subjectnutrition
dc.subjecttrace elements
dc.subjectmacronutrients
dc.subjectdiet
dc.subjectmaternal nutrition
dc.subjectdietary diversity
dc.titleNutrient adequacy is low among both self-declared lacto-vegetarian and non-vegetarian pregnant women in Uttar Pradesh
dc.typeJournal Article

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