Highlights on four livestock sub-sectors in Kazakhstan: The Wool sector
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The wool sector in Kazakhstan reached its highest point at the end of the 1980s. Sheep population amounted to 35 million head, while wool production exceeded 100 000 tonnes corresponding to 4 percent of the world total. Half of the flock consisted of registered pure-bred sheep, specialized in the production of fine wool (accounting for 60 percent of total wool production). Most of these sheep were concentrated in large-scale enterprises. A transhumant raising system was practised, with animals m oving annually to remote mountainous and desert pastures where infrastructure (watering, staff houses, sheds, artificial insemination facilities, etc.) existed. A centralized system of wool procurement (zagotkontory) worked with the large-scale kolhozes and sovhozes and with household farms (HHFs). Most of the wool was processed locally in large and fully integrated plants ranging in size from 500 to a few thousand employees. At that time, Kazakhstan wool and woollen goods were delivered through out the Soviet Union. The Red Army (for blankets and overcoats) and other Statecontrolled organizations (militia, the railway, etc.) were important customers.