Understanding the Benefits of Regional Integration to Trade : The Application of a Gravity Model to the Case of Central America

Vista sencilla de ítem
dc.creatorGordillo, Darwin Marcelo
dc.creatorStokenberga, Aiga
dc.creatorSchwartz, Jordan
dc.date2012-03-19T18:43:27Z
dc.date2012-03-19T18:43:27Z
dc.date2010-12-01
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:07:34Z
dc.descriptionThe paper identifies the impact of physical barriers to trade within Central America through the use of an augmented and partially constrained Gravity Model of Trade. Adjusting the Euclidian distance factor for Central America by real average transport times, the model quantifies the impact of poor connectivity and border frictions on the region's internal trade as well as its trade with external partners, such as the United States and Europe. In addition, the authors benchmark Central America's trade coefficients against those of a physically integrated region by running a parallel Gravity Model for the 15 core countries of the European Union. This allows for the estimation of potential intra-regional and external trade levels if Central America were to reduce border frictions and time of travel between countries and thus benefit from both the adjacency of each country's neighbors and the gravitational pull of the region's economies. The analysis is conducted for all of Central America's trade and is also disaggregated for three groups of products -- processed fruits and vegetables; steel and steel products; and grains -- by both volume and value. This differentiation tests the consistency of the results while providing insight into the differentiation in trading patterns and potential for these containerized, break-bulk, and bulk products. The results of the model include a potential doubling in intraregional exports if Central America could achieve the adjacency and time-distance factors of a truly integrated region. In addition, the region's combined exports to the European Union and the United States are projected to increase by more than a third compared with the current level, assuming European Union-level adjacency performance. Even more external trade benefits would accrue by reducing the economic penalty imposed by overland transport and border crossing inefficiencies.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20101214085824
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3990
dc.identifier10.1596/1813-9450-5506
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/415417
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relationPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5506
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectADVERSE EFFECTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectARTERIES
dc.subjectBANANAS
dc.subjectBARRIERS TO TRADE
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectBENCHMARKS
dc.subjectBENEFITS OF TRADE
dc.subjectBENEFITS OF TRADE FACILITATION
dc.subjectBEVERAGES
dc.subjectBILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectBORDER CROSSING
dc.subjectBORDER CROSSINGS
dc.subjectBORDER TRADE
dc.subjectBOTTLENECKS
dc.subjectCA
dc.subjectCANE SUGAR
dc.subjectCASTINGS
dc.subjectCEREAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectCIGARS
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCONGESTION
dc.subjectCORN
dc.subjectCUSTOMS
dc.subjectCUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION
dc.subjectCUSTOMS CLEARANCE
dc.subjectCUSTOMS PROCEDURES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDRIVERS
dc.subjectECONOMIC COOPERATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC OUTLOOK
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectECONOMIC RESEARCH
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectELASTICITIES
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectEXOGENOUS VARIABLES
dc.subjectEXPORT BASKET
dc.subjectEXPORT BASKETS
dc.subjectEXPORT DIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKETS
dc.subjectEXPORT PROCEDURES
dc.subjectEXPORT STRUCTURES
dc.subjectEXPORT VALUE
dc.subjectEXPORTERS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNAL TRADE
dc.subjectFOOD EXPORTS
dc.subjectFOOD IMPORTS
dc.subjectFOOD PRICES
dc.subjectFOREIGN MARKETS
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectFREE TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subjectFREE TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectFREE TRADE ZONES
dc.subjectFREIGHT
dc.subjectFRUIT
dc.subjectFRUITS
dc.subjectFUELS
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGRAINS
dc.subjectGRAVITY EQUATION
dc.subjectGRAVITY MODEL
dc.subjectGRAVITY MODELS
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectHAZARD
dc.subjectIMPERFECT COMPETITION
dc.subjectIMPORT MARKETS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINTRAREGIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectMAIZE
dc.subjectMARKET SIZE
dc.subjectMARKET SIZE EFFECTS
dc.subjectMETAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectOPENNESS
dc.subjectOPTIMIZATION
dc.subjectPACKAGING
dc.subjectPALM OIL
dc.subjectPATTERNS OF TRADE
dc.subjectPOSITIVE EFFECTS
dc.subjectPROCESSED FOODS
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectRAIL
dc.subjectRAIL SERVICES
dc.subjectRAILWAY
dc.subjectREGIONAL INTEGRATION
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRADE INTEGRATION
dc.subjectRICE
dc.subjectROAD
dc.subjectROAD CONDITIONS
dc.subjectROAD HAULAGE
dc.subjectROAD QUALITY
dc.subjectROADS
dc.subjectROUTE
dc.subjectROUTES
dc.subjectRUBBER
dc.subjectSEAFOOD
dc.subjectSPEEDS
dc.subjectSTEEL
dc.subjectSTEEL BARS
dc.subjectSTEEL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectTARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
dc.subjectTRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subjectTRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectTRADE DETERMINANTS
dc.subjectTRADE FACILITATION
dc.subjectTRADE FLOWS
dc.subjectTRADE IMPEDIMENTS
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE MODEL
dc.subjectTRADE MORE
dc.subjectTRADE OPENNESS
dc.subjectTRADE PARTNERS
dc.subjectTRADE PATTERNS
dc.subjectTRADE PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectTRADE VARIABLES
dc.subjectTRADE VOLUMES
dc.subjectTRADE ZONE
dc.subjectTRADING PATTERNS
dc.subjectTRAFFIC
dc.subjectTRANSIT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectTRANSPORT MODES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SERVICES
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION SERVICES
dc.subjectTUBES
dc.subjectVEGETABLE OILS
dc.subjectVEGETABLES
dc.subjectVITAMINS
dc.subjectWAXES
dc.subjectWHEAT
dc.titleUnderstanding the Benefits of Regional Integration to Trade : The Application of a Gravity Model to the Case of Central America

Archivos

Colecciones

AgroKnow