The Political Economy of Seed Reform in Uganda : Promoting a Regional Seed Trade Market
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This report provides a short summary of
the recent history of the seed industry. Although the
informal seed system still accounts for an estimated 85
percent of planted seed, the formal sector has been
transformed in 20 years from control by a monopoly
parastatal to competition among 23 registered companies,
with at least 5 or 6 being serious players. Significantly,
the relief seed industry that dominated and distorted the
formal seed trade during the Northern Uganda conflict has
withered away, leaving room for a sustainable, market-driven
seed industry to develop. Fundamentally, however, the key
institutions in the sector and the legal framework are not
fit for purpose and are a significant drag on the industry.
This report sketches the roles and contribution of
stakeholder organizations such as the Uganda Seed Trade
Association, the Uganda National Farmers Federation, and the
Uganda National Agrolnput Dealers Association. It outlines
the support provided by major donors, the United States
Agency for International Development (USAID), the Danish
International Development Agency (Danida), the Alliance for
a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), the Netherlands
Embassy, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and
the East Africa Community (EAC) Secretariat, over 15 years.
After spelling out the issues in the sector, the report
looks at the political economy literature for insights to
help explain the near paralysis in the regulatory
institutions. The dominant role of the National Resistance
Movement (NRM) in decision making is described, as is the
regime's use of inflationary patronage.
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ACCESS TO CREDIT, AFDB, AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, AGRIBUSINESS, AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS, AGRICULTURAL INPUT, AGRICULTURAL INPUTS, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION, AGRICULTURE RESEARCH, AGRICULTURE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, AGRICULTURES, ANIMAL RESOURCES, ARABLE LAND, AREA, ASARECA, ASPECT, AVERAGE YIELDS, BANANAS, BARLEY, BEANS, BEVERAGES, BIOSAFETY, BIOTECHNOLOGY, BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS, BORDER TRADE, BREEDER SEED, CAPACITY BUILDING, CASH CROPS, CASSAVA, CENTRE, CEREALS, CERTIFICATION CAPACITY, CERTIFIED SEED, CGIAR, COCOA, COFFEE, COMMERCIAL CROPS, COMMERCIAL SEED, COMMODITIES, COMMODITY, CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, CONTRACT GROWERS, COOPERATIVES, COTTON, COWPEAS, CROP PROTECTION, CROP VARIETIES, CROPS, CULTIVAR, CULTIVARS, CULTIVATION, DAIRY INDUSTRY, DAIRY SECTOR, DATES, DECENTRALIZATION, DECISION MAKING, DESTINATION, DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, DRAGGING, ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EXPORT CROPS, EXTENSION, FAO, FARM, FARMER, FARMER ASSOCIATIONS, FARMER ORGANIZATIONS, FARMERS, FARMING, FEED, FERTILIZER, FERTILIZERS, FIELD TRIALS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FINGER MILLET, FISHERIES, FISHERIES RESOURCES, FISHING, FOOD CROPS, FOOD POLICY RESEARCH, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SECURITY, FORAGE CROPS, FORESTRY, FOUNDATION SEED, FRUIT TREES, GARDENS, GENOTYPES, GERMPLASM, GLOBAL WARMING, GOATS, GRAIN, GRAIN CROPS, GREEN REVOLUTION, GROUNDNUT, GROUNDNUTS, HARVEST, HORTICULTURAL CROPS, HYBRID MAIZE, HYBRID SEED, HYBRID SEEDS, HYBRIDS, HYV, IFAD, IFDC, IFPRI, INCOMES, INNOVATION, INTEGRATION, INTERNATIONAL FERTILIZER DEVELOPMENT CENTER, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, IRRIGATION, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LEGUMES, LIVELIHOODS, LIVESTOCK, MAIZE, MARKETING, MEAT, MILLET, NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES, NATIONAL RESEARCH, NGOS, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, OIL, OILSEEDS, PEST CONTROL, PIGEON PEAS, PLANT BREEDERS, PLANT BREEDING, PLANT HEALTH, PLANT PROTECTION, PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION, PLANTING, PLANTING MATERIALS, POLICY ENVIRONMENT, POLICY MAKERS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POTATOES, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SEED COMPANIES, PRIVATE SEED INDUSTRY, PRODUCE, PRODUCT QUALITY, PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT, PUBLIC AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, PUBLIC GOOD, PUBLIC GOODS, QUALITY SEED, QUARANTINE, RAINFED AGRICULTURE, RAW MATERIALS, RICE, SASAKAWA GLOBAL 2000, SEED, SEED BUSINESSES, SEED CERTIFICATION, SEED COMPANIES, SEED COMPANY, SEED DEVELOPMENT, SEED ENTREPRENEURS, SEED INDUSTRY, SEED MULTIPLICATION, SEED POLICY, SEED PRODUCERS, SEED PRODUCTION, SEED REFORM, SEED REGULATIONS, SEED SECTOR, SEED STOCKS, SEED SYSTEM, SEED TECHNOLOGY, SEED TESTING, SEED TRADE, SEED TRADE ASSOCIATION, SEED VARIETIES, SEEDS, SEEDS SUBSECTOR, SESAME, SINGLE CROP, SMALL FARMER, SMALL FARMERS, SORGHUM, SOYBEAN, SOYBEANS, SUGARCANE, SUNFLOWER, SUNFLOWER SEED, SWEET POTATOES, TEA, TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION, TOBACCO, UNDP, UNION, UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS, UNITED NATIONS, UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, UNIVERSITIES, UPOV, USAID, VARIETY RELEASE, VEGETABLE SEED, VEGETABLE SEEDS, VEGETABLES, WHEAT, YIELDS