Cadmium concentration in cocoa beans produced in agroforestry systems of small producers in Panama

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dc.creatorCasanoves, Fernando
dc.creatorVillalaz-Pérez1, Jhon A
dc.creatorVillarreal-Núñez, José E
dc.creatorSanto-Pineda, Adolfo
dc.creatorGutiérrez-Lezcano, Abiel
dc.creatorMerino, Agustín
dc.date2024-02-28T19:11:45Z
dc.date2024-02-28T19:11:45Z
dc.date2024-01-30
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-09T02:36:40Z
dc.descriptionAim of study: To calculate Cd concentration in cocoa plants and evaluate its relationship with available Cd and other soil properties. Area of study: Almirante, Bocas del Toro province, Panama, in 2020-2021. Material and methods: The study was carried out in 21 plots of eight cocoa-producing farms. The total area of each sampled plot was 300 m2. Soil samples were taken at a depth of 30 cm, and samples of the leaves and fruits of cocoa trees were also taken. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were carried out for soil variables and Cd in plants. The relationship between bioavailable Cd and soil physicochemical variables and between soil variables and Cd in plants was evaluated. Multiple linear regression was performed using the backward selection method. Main results: The pH was acidic (5.1) and the organic matter content of the soil was greater than 3%, suitable for immobilizing Cd from the soil. Total and bioavailable Cd averaged 0.10 mg kg-1 and 0.02 mg kg-1 respectively. The Cd levels in cocoa leaves exceeded the recommended levels of 0.5 mg kg-1. The Cd concentration in the cocoa bean was low (0.25 mg kg-1). Research highlights: The levels of bioavailable Cd found do not exceed the United States Environment Agency toxic limits in soil. The level of Cd found in the cocoa bean is below the limit of 0.8 mg kg-1 which is taken as a reference for chocolate, with total dry matter content ≥ 50% of the CODEX Alimentarius.
dc.format11 páginas
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.catie.ac.cr/handle/11554/12627
dc.identifieropenAccess
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/14366
dc.languageen
dc.publisherCSIC
dc.relationSpanish Journal of Agricultural Research
dc.relationhttps://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2024221-20405
dc.subjectCarbono orgánico del suelo||soil organic carbon||undefined||carbone organique du sol
dc.subjectSuelos contaminados||polluted soils||solo poluído||sol pollué
dc.subjectInceptisoles||inceptisols||Inceptissolos||Inceptisol
dc.subjectpH del suelo||soil pH||pH do solo||pH du sol
dc.subjectAluminio||aluminium||Alumínio||aluminium
dc.subjectToxicidad del suelo||soil toxicity||toxicidade do solo||toxicité du sol
dc.subjectPanamá||Panama||Panamá||Panama
dc.subjectCadmio||cadmium||Cádmio||cadmium
dc.subjectSemilla de cacao||cocoa beans||semente de cacau||fève de cacao
dc.subjectSistemas agroforestales||agroforestry systems||sistemas agroflorestais||systèmes agroforestiers
dc.subjectPequeños agricultores||smallholders||pequenos agricultores||petit agriculteur
dc.subjectSede Central
dc.subjectODS 12 - Producción y consumo responsables
dc.titleCadmium concentration in cocoa beans produced in agroforestry systems of small producers in Panama
dc.typeArtículo

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