Making Work Pay in Nicaragua : Employment, Growth, and Poverty Reduction
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Washington, DC : World Bank
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The objective of this report is to
provide some policy guidelines for the fight against
poverty. In particular, it hopes to be able to identify the
growing sectors, as well as the constraints faced by the
poor in benefiting from this growth. The report is part of a
series of studies conducted within the Poverty Reduction
Group (PRMPR) to foster understanding of the role of
employment earnings and labor markets in shared growth. In
addition, it is intended to function as a background
document for the World Bank's Nicaragua Poverty
Assessment 2007. The degree to which growth is able to
translate into poverty reduction depends on how its benefits
are distributed among different segments of society. There
is little doubt that growth measured by changes in average
income contributes significantly to poverty reduction.
However, it is also clear that countries differ in the
degree to which income growth spells have translated into
poverty reduction. Although differences in the
responsiveness of poverty to income growth account for a
small fraction of the overall differences in poverty changes
across countries, from the point of view of an individual
country, these differences may have significant implications
for poverty reduction, especially in the short term.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO CREDIT, ACCOUNTING, ACTIVE LABOR, ADULT WORKERS, AGGREGATE EMPLOYMENT, ANNUAL INCOME, AVAILABILITY OF CREDIT, BANKING SYSTEM, BARGAINING MECHANISM, BARGAINING SYSTEM, BASIC POPULATION, BUDGETING, CALCULATION, CALCULATIONS, CAPITAL GAINS, CASH PAYMENTS, CENTRAL AMERICA, CENTRAL AMERICAN, CHANGE IN POPULATION, CHILD LABOR, COLLECTIVE BARGAINING, COMMUNITY SERVICES, CONSOLIDATION, CONSUMER, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX, CONTRIBUTION, COST OF CREDIT, COST OF LABOR, DEBT, DEBT RELIEF, DEMOCRACY, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS, DISSEMINATION, EARNING, EARNINGS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE, EMERGING MARKETS, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS, EMPLOYMENT GENERATION, EMPLOYMENT GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT INCREASES, EMPLOYMENT LEVELS, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT POLICIES, EMPLOYMENT SHARE, EMPLOYMENT SIZE, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, EXCHANGE RATE, EXPORT MARKETS, EXPORT PROCESSING ZONE, EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES, FAMILY MEMBERS, FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY, FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION, FINANCIAL POSITION, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FIRM LEVEL, FISCAL DEFICIT, FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY, FLEXIBLE LABOR MARKETS, FREE TRADE, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISE, HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, IMPLICATIONS FOR POVERTY REDUCTION, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INCOME LEVELS, INCOME PROFILE, INCOME TAX, INCREASE IN INCOME, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFLATION, INFORMAL SECTOR, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, INVESTMENT CLIMATE ASSESSMENT, JOB CREATION, JOBLESS GROWTH, JOBS, LABOR COSTS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR INTENSITY, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET FLEXIBILITY, LABOR MARKET REGULATION, LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR REGULATION, LABOR REGULATIONS, LABORERS, LABOUR, LATIN AMERICAN, LEGAL STATUS, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVING STANDARDS, LOW EARNINGS, LOW INCOME, LOW INCOMES, LOW UNEMPLOYMENT, LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, LOW-INCOME, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MEAT, MIDDLE EAST, MIGRANT, MIGRANT WORKERS, MIGRATION, MINIMUM WAGE, MINIMUM WAGES, NATURAL DISASTERS, NEW ENTRANTS, NEW JOBS, NORTH AFRICA, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NUMBER OF PERSONS, NUMBER OF WORKERS, OCCUPATION, OCCUPATIONS, OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT, OPPORTUNITY COSTS, PAID WORKERS, PAYING JOBS, PERMANENT JOB, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, POPULATION CENSUS, POPULATION CHANGE, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION STRUCTURE, POVERTY LEVEL, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCTION PROCESS, PRODUCTION UNITS, PRODUCTIVE FIRMS, PRODUCTIVITIES, PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL, PROGRESS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, QUALITATIVE APPROACH, REAL ESTATE, REGIONAL POPULATION, RESPECT, RURAL LABOR, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POPULATIONS, RURAL WORKERS, SALARIED EMPLOYMENT, SALARIED WORKERS, SALARY, SALES, SAVINGS, SCHOOLING ATTAINMENT, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SEGMENTS OF SOCIETY, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, SEVERANCE PAY, SKILL LEVEL, SKILL PREMIUM, SKILLED WORKERS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS, SOURCE OF CREDIT, SPILLOVER, STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, SUBSIDIARY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TEMPORARY WORKERS, TERMINATION, TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TOTAL LABOR FORCE, TOTAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, TOTAL WAGE, TRANSPORT, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYED WORKERS, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNIONS, UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS, UNSKILLED LABOR, UNSKILLED WORKER, URBAN AREAS, URBAN POPULATION, URBANIZATION, WAGE EMPLOYMENT, WAGE INCREASE, WAR, WEB SITE, WORKER, WORKERS, WORKING ADULT, WORKING ADULTS, WORKING AGE, WORKING AGE POPULATION, WORKING POOR, WORKING POPULATION, WORKING-AGE POPULATION, WORTH