Climate-Resilient Development in Vietnam
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Weather is the term used to describe the
atmospheric conditions (heat, wetness, wind, etc.)
prevailing at any one place and time. Climate is the sum of
the prevailing weather conditions of a given place over a
period of time, typically summed over many decades. This
paper seeks to provide strategic directions for
mainstreaming support for climate change within the World
Bank's broader program of assistance to Vietnam. It
does so by reviewing the current understanding of climate
change in Vietnam and likely impacts, outlining principles
to guide the Bank's engagement in this field, and
applying these principles across a range of sectors, taking
into account both near- and longer-term considerations. The
report identifies elements of the Bank's current and
planned portfolio of projects and analytical work that are
contributing or will contribute to improved knowledge,
planning, and actions, and it points to additional areas
where new or more work seems warranted. The report
represents a first iteration of a strategy for supporting
Vietnam in managing the challenges posed by climate change.
As more experience is gathered and as our understanding of
both the science and the economics of climate change impacts
in Vietnam improves, this strategy will need to be revisited
and refined. While the process of climate change is expected
to be a long-term phenomenon-with predictions for
considerable changes through the second half of the
twenty-first century, the focus of this report is on
decisions and priorities that should govern the Bank's
assistance during this decade. Given an array of
uncertainties, extending the developing assistance planning
vision much beyond 2020 is not practical. This time frame
also corresponds to the government of Vietnam's own
planning horizon.
Palabras clave
ACID, ACID SULFATE SOILS, ACIDIFICATION, ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT, ADVERSE IMPACTS, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE, AGRICULTURE, AIR, ALLOCATION, ALLOWANCES, ALTITUDE, AMOUNT OF EMISSIONS, ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, ANNUAL RAINFALL, ATMOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION, BANK EROSION, BASINS, BIODIVERSITY, BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION, BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES, BIOLOGY, BRACKISH WATER, BUFFER ZONES, CALCULATION, CAPACITY BUILDING, CARBON, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CASE STUDIES, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS, CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS, CLIMATE CHANGES, CLIMATE POLICIES, CLIMATE RESILIENCE, CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT, CLIMATES, CO2, COAST, COASTAL AREAS, COASTAL EROSION, COASTAL WETLANDS, COASTAL ZONE, COASTAL ZONES, COASTS, CONSERVATION, CONSTRUCTION, CORAL REEFS, CROPLAND, CROPS, CURRENTS, CYCLONE EVENTS, DAMS, DATA COLLECTION, DIKES, DISASTER PREVENTION, DISCHARGE, DRAINAGE, DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, DROUGHT, DRY PERIODS, DRY SEASONS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC DECISION MAKING, ECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, ECOSYSTEM, ECOSYSTEMS, ELECTRICITY, EMISSION, EMISSION REDUCTION, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION, EMISSIONS MITIGATION, EMISSIONS SCENARIO, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EUTROPHICATION, EXTERNAL SHOCKS, EXTREME CLIMATE CHANGE, EXTREME EVENTS, EXTREME PRECIPITATION, EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS, EXTREME RAINFALL, EXTREME WEATHER, EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS, FEASIBILITY, FINANCIAL CAPACITY, FINANCIAL FLOWS, FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FISH, FISHERIES, FLOOD CONTROL, FLOOD PROTECTION, FLOODING, FLOODS, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOREST, FOREST BIODIVERSITY, FOREST DEGRADATION, FOREST FIRE, FOREST FIRES, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FOREST RESOURCES, FOREST SECTOR, FOREST SYSTEMS, FORESTRY, FORESTRY MANAGEMENT, FORESTRY OPERATIONS, FORESTS, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FRESH WATER, FRESHWATER, FRESHWATER SYSTEMS, GAS, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, GHG, GHGS, GLACIERS, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL EMISSIONS, GLOBAL WARMING, GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE GASES, GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER RECHARGE, HABITATS, HIGHLANDS, HORTICULTURAL CROPS, HUMAN ACTIVITIES, HUMAN ACTIVITY, HYDROLOGY, ICE CAPS, ICE SHEETS, IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION, INVESTMENT DECISIONS, IPCC, LAND AREA, LAND USE, MANAGEMENT OF WATER, MANGROVE FORESTS, MARGINAL ABATEMENT, METHANE, METHYL BROMIDE, MIGRATORY BIRDS, MITIGATION, MOUNTAINS, NATIONAL ACCOUNTS, NATURAL DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, NATURAL FORESTS, NEGATIVE IMPACT, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, NITROUS OXIDE, OCEANS, OIL EQUIVALENT, PEAK FLOWS, PLAINS, PLANNING PROCESS, POLAR ICE, POLICY MAKERS, PONDS, PORTFOLIO, POTENTIAL EVAPORATION, POWER GENERATION, PRECIPITATION, PRECIPITATION EVENTS, PRESERVATION, PROTECTING WETLANDS, PUBLIC AWARENESS, RAINFALL, RANGES, RECREATIONAL AREAS, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RESERVOIRS, RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, RESOURCE EXTRACTION, RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, RESTORATION, REVENUE LOSS, RICE PRODUCTION, RISK MANAGEMENT, RISKS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, RIVER, RIVER DELTAS, RIVERS, RUNOFF, SALINITY, SALTWATER INTRUSION, SCENARIOS, SEA LEVEL RISE, SEDIMENT, SHORE, SPECIES, STORM SURGE, STORM SURGES, STORM TRACKS, STORMS, SULFATE, SURFACE RUNOFF, SURFACE WATER, SURFACE WATERS, TEMPERATURE, TEMPERATURE CHANGE, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS, TOTAL COST, TROPICAL CYCLONE, TYPHOONS, UNCERTAINTIES, UPLANDS, WATER CYCLE, WATER QUALITY, WATER RESOURCE, WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCES, WATER TREATMENT, WATERSHED, WATERSHED PROTECTION, WEATHER CHANGES, WEATHER CONDITIONS, WETLAND, WETLAND MANAGEMENT, WIND, WOOD PROCESSING, WORST-CASE