Area-wide integration (AWI) of specialized crop and livestock activities in Vietnam
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The urbanization and increase of animal-product demands have accompanied with the specification and intensification in animal production, also with the disintegration between crop and animals. This trend has resulted in environment pollution in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and the surrounding provinces including Binh Duong, Dong Nai (North and North East of the city, respectively) and Long An of Mekong Delta. Biogas has been popular to small scale farms of 5-100 pigs. Every city/province has had prog ram to support the poor farmers, on a limited scale, in installation of biogas. However, the biogas is not suitable for farms raising less than 5 pigs or farms having no land for crop. In addition, most of intensive farms, especially the swine farms, were built in the decade of 60 without treatment system of waste. The waste is therefore drained to vegetable field or stream, that has had BOD of 300-530 mg/l and an unaccepted number of E. coli as well as parasite egg. The environmental and techni cal problems of intensive swine farms have been solved by provincial master plane of relocation.