Arab Republic of Egypt Workforce Development : SABER Country Report 2014
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Washington, DC
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From the mid-2000s to 2011, the
Egyptian economy grew at a rapid pace. Yet, this economic
performance has not significantly improved the
country's overall competitiveness, nor has this growth
impacted the masses by providing more decent jobs. In 2004,
the Government of Egypt embarked on a structural reform
program of liberalization and privatization, which, combined
with high oil prices, booming economies in the Gulf
countries, and strong global economic growth, led to real
GDP growth of over 7 percent per year between FY06 and FY08.
The subsequent global financial, food, and fuel crises
dampened economic growth in Egypt to an average of 5 percent
in FY09 and FY10, still a strong performance by
international standards. However, since 2011, the
macroeconomic picture has deteriorated due to unresolved
political tensions and policy inflexibility.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACTIVE LABOR, ACTIVE LABOR MARKET, ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS, APPROPRIATE INCENTIVES, AVERAGE SCORE, BASIC EDUCATION, CITIZENSHIP, CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS, CLASS SIZES, COUNSELLING, CURRICULA, CURRICULUM, CURRICULUM DESIGN, CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS, DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES, DEVELOPMENT PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT PLANS, DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, EARLY CHILDHOOD, EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC PROGRESS, EDUCATION BUDGET, EDUCATION EXPENDITURE, EDUCATION FOR ALL, EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS, EDUCATION MINISTRIES, EDUCATION REFORM, EDUCATION STRATEGY, EDUCATION SYSTEM, EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL LEVELS, EFFECTIVE POLICIES, EMPLOYABILITY, EMPLOYMENT GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT STRATEGIES, ENROLMENT RATES, EXISTING WORKFORCE, FAMILY INCOME, FORMAL EDUCATION, FREE PUBLIC EDUCATION, GENERAL EDUCATION, GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION, HIGHER EDUCATION, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCE, HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, IMPORTANT POLICY, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, INDUSTRIAL TRAINING, INFORMAL ECONOMY, INFORMAL SECTOR, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC CRISIS, INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION, JOB MARKET, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, JOB SEEKERS, JOBS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR LAW, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET DEMAND, LABOR MARKET EFFICIENCY, LABOR MARKET INFORMATION, LABOR MARKET NEEDS, LABOR SUPPLY, LACK OF INFORMATION, LEADERSHIP, LEARNERS, LIFELONG LEARNING, LIVING CONDITIONS, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT, MANDATES, MANPOWER, MATHEMATICS, MIGRATION, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MODERNIZATION, NATIONAL COUNCIL, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL POLICIES, NATIONAL PRIORITIES, NATIONAL STRATEGY, NEW ENTRANTS, NONFORMAL TRAINING, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, NUMBER OF STUDENTS, PEDAGOGICAL METHODS, PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, POLICY DEVELOPMENT, POLICY DIALOGUE, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POLICY GOALS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY LEVEL, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION GROWTH RATE, PREPARATORY SCHOOLS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR COMPANIES, PRIVATE TUTORING, PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION, PROGRAM BENEFICIARIES, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION, PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, PUBLIC SUPPORT, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, QUALITY ASSURANCE, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, QUALITY SERVICES, QUALITY STANDARDS, QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS, RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS, RESIGNATION, SAFETY NET, SCHOOLING, SCIENCE STUDY, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SERVICE SECTORS, SKILL DEVELOPMENT, SKILLED LABOR, SKILLED WORKERS, SKILLS ACQUISITION, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SMALL ENTERPRISES, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL EQUITY, SOCIAL JUSTICE, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SOCIAL UNREST, SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, STRATEGIC PRIORITIES, STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT, SUBSIDIZED TRAINING, TEACHERS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNICAL EDUCATION, TECHNICAL TRAINING, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TERTIARY LEVEL, TRAINEES, TRAINING CENTERS, TRAINING CURRICULA, TRAINING INSTITUTES, TRAINING INSTITUTIONS, TRAINING POLICIES, TRAINING PROGRAM, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TRAINING PROVIDERS, TRAINING SERVICES, TRAINING SYSTEM, TRANSPORTATION, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNIVERSITIES, VICIOUS CYCLE, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, WAGE INEQUALITIES, WORKFORCE, WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT, YOUNG CHILDREN, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUNG WORKERS, YOUTH, YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT