Activating Vulnerable People into Good Jobs in Turkey
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This report presents the results of a
highly simplified profiling exercise to demonstrate the
initial steps of profiling and draw some initial conclusions
on the types of clients that might be covered by activation
policies in Turkey, and the extent of their socio-economic
vulnerability as well as labor market employability. A key
conclusion is that policy makers will need to decide whether
to put the emphasis on the former or on the latter so that
the dual objectives of protecting the vulnerable and helping
them move out of transfer dependence are achieved. The
initial profiling exercise shows that several large
subgroups of the vulnerable comprise inactive females, often
with limited or outdated skills. A priority might be to
rethink the offer of public services involved in up-skilling
the workforce, such as lifelong learning, in order to
mobilize the largest identified segments. This Executive
Summary reflects on four connected background papers. A
conceptual framework first defines vulnerability and
activation policies. A second background paper takes stock
of the progress of activation policies in Turkey to date. A
third background paper profiles the large and diverse group
of vulnerable people in Turkey into units of higher or lower
priority, while the final background paper examines how the
capacity and skills of the vulnerable, especially those in
the high priority units, can be built.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTING, ACTIVE LABOR, ACTIVE LABOR MARKET, ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS, ADVISERS, AGE GROUPS, BENEFICIARIES, BENEFICIARY, BUDGETING, CAREER COUNSELING, CASH TRANSFERS, CHILD CARE, CHILD REARING, CHILD-CARE, CITIZENS, CLAIMANTS, CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS, CURRENCY, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DISABILITY, DISADVANTAGED GROUPS, DISMISSAL, DISSEMINATION, EARLY RETIREMENT, EARNINGS PROSPECTS, ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL LEVELS, EMPLOYABILITY, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT HISTORIES, EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES, EXCHANGE RATE, EXPENDITURE, FAMILY SUPPORT, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FORMAL EDUCATION, FORMAL SECTOR WORKERS, GAINFUL EMPLOYMENT, GENDER GAP, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS, GOVERNMENT SUPPORT, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH SERVICES, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HOLDING, HOME VISITS, HOUSEHOLD WORK, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INCOME, INCOME SUPPORT, INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT, INFORMAL LABOR MARKETS, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, JOB COUNSELING, JOB CREATION, JOB LOSS, JOB OFFERS, JOB PLACEMENT, JOB SEARCH, JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE, JOB SEEKERS, JOBS, LABOR COSTS, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS, LABOR MARKET DEMAND, LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCES, LABOR MARKET FLEXIBILITY, LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE, LABOR MARKET POLICY, LABOR MARKET PROBLEMS, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR REGULATIONS, LABOR SUPPLY, LACK OF CAPACITY, LARGE NUMBERS OF WOMEN, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIFE SKILLS, LIFELONG LEARNING, LIVING CONDITIONS, LIVING STANDARDS, LONG-TERM EMPLOYMENT, LOW EMPLOYMENT, LOW LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, MARKET INTEGRATION, MATHEMATICS, MINIMUM WAGE, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MOTHER, MOTIVATION, NATIONAL ACTION, NATIONAL ACTION PLAN, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL PRIORITIES, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NUMBER OF PERSONS, NURSES, NUTRITION, OCCUPATION, OCCUPATIONS, OLDER ADULTS, OLDER MEN, OLDER PEOPLE, OLDER WOMEN, PARTICIPATION IN SOCIETY, PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POLICY MAKERS, POPULATION PROJECTIONS, PRELIMINARY RESULTS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIVATE PROVISION, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT, PRODUCTIVE FIRMS, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROGRESS, PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT, PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICE, PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICES, PUBLIC SERVICES, PUBLIC SUPPORT, PUBLIC WORKS, PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS, RESPECT, RETURNS, SANITATION, SCARCE RESOURCES, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SELF-SUFFICIENCY, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SERVICES FOR CHILDREN, SICK LEAVE, SITUATION OF WOMEN, SKILL LEVEL, SKILLED WORKERS, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL BENEFITS, SOCIAL COHESION, SOCIAL COSTS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL EQUITY, SOCIAL EXPENDITURES, SOCIAL INCLUSION, SOCIAL NORMS, SOCIAL POLICIES, SOCIAL SECTORS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIAL SUPPORT, SOCIAL SUPPORT SYSTEM, SOCIAL WELFARE, SOCIAL WORKERS, SPOUSE, SPOUSES, STABLE JOB, SUITABLE EMPLOYMENT, TECHNICAL SKILLS, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TRAINING COURSES, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TRAINING PROVIDERS, TRAINING SYSTEM, UNEDUCATED WOMEN, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYED JOB SEEKERS, UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT, UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS, UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE, UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE FUND, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, URBANIZATION, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, VOCATIONAL PROGRAMS, VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMS, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WAGE EMPLOYMENT, WAGE GAP, WAGE SECTOR, WAGE SUBSIDIES, WAGES, WELFARE RECIPIENTS, WORK EXPERIENCE, WORKER, WORKERS, WORKFORCE, WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT, WORKFORCE SKILLS, WORKING-AGE POPULATION, YOUNG CHILD, YOUNG CHILDREN, YOUNG MEN, YOUNG PEOPLE