Economic Impacts of Sanitation in Cambodia : A Five-Country Study Conducted in Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, the Philippines, and Vietnam Under the Economics of Sanitation Initiative
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Jakarta
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The sanitation impact study, initiated
by the World Bank water and sanitation program, aims to
generate sound evidence on the negative impacts of existing
sanitation and hygiene conditions and the potential benefits
of improvements in sanitation and hygiene in Cambodia. In
this study, quantitative assessment is conducted on the
economic impacts of poor sanitation and hygiene on health,
water resource, tourism and other welfare impacts. In
addition to the quantitative evaluation, the study also
discusses the effects of poor sanitation on various
qualitative dimensions including health-related quality of
life, intangible user preferences, life decisions, and the
quality of the surrounding environment. The analysis focused
on a narrow definition of sanitation, related to human
excreta. However, there were instances in which sanitation
as it relates to gray water and solid waste were also
included. In measuring the impacts, the study uses a
peer-reviewed methodology developed specifically for this
study, which draws on established methods and, where these
do not exist, develops new approaches to capture the impacts
of poor sanitation. For improving policy interpretation of
the results, the study distinguishes between financial and
economic impacts, and presents for rural/urban areas and
different geographical groupings at zonal level. Overall,
the study finds that poor sanitation leads to economic
losses. These economic losses are equivalent to 7.2 percent
of the Cambodia's Gross Domestic product (GDP) in 2005.
This amount is roughly equivalent to the contribution of the
fishery sector, to the GDP, or twice the contribution of the
forestry sector.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO SAFE WATER, ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY, ACCESS TO WATER, ALTERNATIVE SANITATION, ANIMAL EXCRETA, BETTER HYGIENE, CLEAN WATER, CLEANER DRINKING WATER, CLEANLINESS, CLINICS, CONNECTION, COST OF WATER, COVERAGE WITH WATER SUPPLY, COVERING, DECISION MAKING, DIARRHEA, DIARRHEAL DISEASE, DIARRHEAL DISEASES, DISEASE INCIDENCE, DOMESTIC WASTE, DOMESTIC WATER, DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY, DOMESTIC WATER USE, DRAINAGE SYSTEM, DRINKING WATER, DRINKING WATER QUALITY, DRINKING WATER SUPPLY, ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION, FLOODING, FOOD HYGIENE, FOOD POISONING, FRESHWATER, GOOD SANITATION, GROUND WATER, GROUNDWATER, HAND WASHING, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH EFFECTS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH RISKS, HEAVY RAINS, HELMINTHES, HOSPITAL WASTE, HOUSEHOLD CONNECTION, HUMAN EXCRETA, HUMAN WASTE, HYGIENE, HYGIENE IMPROVEMENT, HYGIENE ISSUES, HYGIENE PRACTICE, HYGIENE PRACTICES, HYGIENE PROMOTION, INDUSTRIAL WASTE, INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER, INFLUENZA, INTERVENTION, IRRIGATION, ISOLATION, LACK OF DRAINAGE, LATRINE, LATRINE BUILDERS, LATRINE CONSTRUCTION, LATRINE · PIT, LATRINES, LOW WATER, LOW WATER CONSUMPTION, MEASUREMENTS, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, OPEN SEWERS, OUTPATIENT CARE, PATIENT, PATIENTS, PIPE, PIPED WATER, PIPES, PIT LATRINE, PONDS, POOR HEALTH, POOR HYGIENE, POPULATION GROWTH RATE, PUBLIC FACILITIES, PUBLIC TAP, PUBLIC TOILET, PUBLIC WORKS, QUALITY OF LIFE, QUALITY OF WATER, RAIN, RAINWATER, RAINWATER COLLECTION, RAW SEWAGE, RESEARCH PROGRAM, RUNNING WATER, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL SANITATION, RURAL SANITATION COVERAGE, RURAL WATER SUPPLY, SAFE COLLECTION, SAFE DISPOSAL, SAFE WATER, SAFE WATER SUPPLY, SAFETY, SANITARY FACILITIES, SANITATION, SANITATION ACCESS, SANITATION COVERAGE, SANITATION COVERAGE BY REGION, SANITATION COVERAGE DATA, SANITATION FACILITIES, SANITATION FACILITY, SANITATION IMPROVEMENT, SANITATION IMPROVEMENTS, SANITATION INTERVENTIONS, SANITATION MARKET, SANITATION OPTIONS, SANITATION POLICY, SANITATION PRACTICES, SANITATION PROGRAM, SANITATION SECTOR, SANITATION SERVICES, SANITATION SITUATION, SANITATION TYPES, SCHOOL SANITATION, SEEPAGE, SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS, SEPTIC TANK, SEWAGE TREATMENT, SEWER SYSTEM, SEWERAGE, SOAP, SOLID WASTE, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, SURFACE WATER, TARGET FOR SANITATION, TOILET, TOILETS, TREATMENT PLANTS, URBAN AREAS, URBAN COVERAGE, URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, USE OF WATER, USERS, VECTOR CONTROL, VENTILATION, WASTE DISPOSAL, WATER BODIES, WATER COLLECTION, WATER COLLECTION SYSTEMS, WATER CONSUMPTION, WATER MANAGEMENT, WATER POLLUTION, WATER QUALITY, WATER RESOURCE, WATER RESOURCES, WATER SOURCES, WATER TABLE, WATER TREATMENT, WATERS, WETLANDS, WORKERS