Assessing the Environmental Co-Benefits of Climate Change Actions
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This internal background paper has been
prepared to help inform the 2010 environment strategy with
respect to a proposed way forward on use of country systems.
The World Bank Group environment strategy is built on three
pillars: leveraging natural resources for growth and poverty
reduction; managing the environmental risks to growth and
development; and transforming growth paths. As part of its
exploration of these three pillars, the strategy considers
the question of environmental co-benefits of climate change
actions. In particular, it poses the question of potential
trade-offs between actions to address climate change and
other local and regional environmental priorities, and
considers how to maximize co-benefits arising from climate
action. The primary objective of this background paper is to
assess the potential for climate change mitigation and
adaptation actions to provide environmental co-benefits,
particularly in the quality of environmental media, flow of
ecosystem services, and maintenance of biodiversity. To
accomplish this, the paper is organized in five sections:
section one gives provision of an organizing framework to
identify and classify potential co-benefits; section two
gives summary of the external literature on co-benefits;
section three gives review of examples from the World Bank
portfolio; section four presents initial thoughts on
creation of enabling conditions for co-benefit provision;
and section five gives review of implications for the
environment strategy.
Palabras clave
ACCIDENTS, ACIDIFICATION, ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, AFFORESTATION, AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS, AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, AIR, AIR POLLUTANTS, AIR POLLUTION, AIR POLLUTION CONTROL, AIR QUALITY, AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, ANNUAL EMISSION, AQUIFERS, ARABLE LAND, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION, BIOGAS, BIOLOGICAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION, BIOMASS, BIOMASS ENERGY, BLACK CARBON, BLACK CARBON EMISSIONS, BUS, BUSES, CADMIUM, CARBON ACCUMULATION, CARBON CAPTURE, CARBON CREDITS, CARBON CYCLING, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON EMISSION, CARBON FINANCE, CARBON FLUX, CARBON FUELS, CARBON FUNDING, CARBON LOSS, CARBON MARKET, CARBON MARKETS, CARBON OFFSET, CARBON PRICE, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CARBON SINKS, CARBON SOURCES, CARBON TAX, CLEAN ELECTRICITY, CLEANER FUELS, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, CO, CO2, COAL, COMBUSTION, COMMON PROPERTY, COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES, CONGESTION, COST SAVINGS, CROP LANDS, CROPPING SYSTEMS, CRUDE OIL, DEBT, DEFORESTATION, DEGRADED AREAS, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DIESEL, DIESEL ENGINES, DIESEL VEHICLES, DISEASE VECTORS, DROUGHT, ECOLOGY, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMICS, ECOSYSTEM, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, EMISSION, EMISSION REDUCTION, EMISSION REDUCTION POLICIES, EMISSION REDUCTION TARGETS, EMISSION REDUCTIONS, EMISSION TRADING, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE, EMISSIONS FROM LAND USE, EMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORT, EMISSIONS REDUCTION, EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY POLICY, ENERGY SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIA, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, EROSION CONTROL, ETHANOL, EXTERNAL COSTS, FARMS, FERTILIZERS, FINANCIAL INCENTIVES, FIRE MANAGEMENT, FISH, FISHERIES, FLOODS, FOREST, FOREST AREA, FOREST BIOMASS, FOREST CARBON, FOREST CLEARANCE, FOREST DEGRADATION, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FOREST PLANTATIONS, FOREST SECTOR, FORESTRY, FORESTRY SECTOR, FORESTS, FOSSIL FUELS, FREIGHT, FREIGHT TRANSPORT, FUEL EFFICIENT VEHICLES, FUEL SUBSIDIES, FUEL SWITCHING, GAS EMISSION, GAS FLARING, GASES, GASOLINE, GHG, GHGS, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE GASES, GREENHOUSE-GAS, GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS, HEAVY METALS, HIGHWAY, HIGHWAYS, HOUSEHOLD FUEL, IMPACTS ON BIODIVERSITY, IPCC, LAND DEGRADATION, LAND USE CHANGE, LANDFILL, LANDFILL GAS, LEACHING, LIVABLE CITIES, LOCAL AIR POLLUTANTS, LOCAL AIR POLLUTION, LOCAL AIR POLLUTION EMISSIONS, LOSS OF SOIL CARBON, LOW-CARBON, MANGROVE FOREST, MASS TRANSIT, METHANE, METHANE COMBUSTION, METHANE EMISSIONS, METHANE GAS, METHANE GENERATION, MINES, N2O, NATURAL CAPITAL, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, NITRATE, NITRATES, NITROGEN, NITROGEN DEPOSITION, NITROUS OXIDE, NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS, NOISE, NOX, NUCLEAR ENERGY, NUTRIENTS, OIL PRICES, ORGANIC MATTER, OZONE, OZONE LAYER, PARTICLES, PARTICULATE, PARTICULATE MATTER, PARTICULATES, PASTURES, PM10, POLICY MAKERS, POLLUTION CONTROL, POLLUTION REDUCTION, POWER PLANTS, PP, PRESENT VALUE, PRIVATE VEHICLES, RAINWATER, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, RESOURCE CONSERVATION, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RISK MANAGEMENT, ROAD, ROADS, SANITATION, SO2, SOCIAL COSTS, SOIL CARBON, SOIL DEGRADATION, SOIL PRODUCTIVITY, SOLAR POWER, SOX, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABLE USE, TAX REDUCTION, TERRESTRIAL CARBON, TIMBER, TRAFFIC, TRANSPORT OPERATIONS, TRANSPORT POLICIES, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TRANSPORT SYSTEM, TRANSPORTATION, TREE SPECIES, TRUE, URBAN AIR POLLUTION, URBAN TRANSPORT, VEHICLE, VEHICLE FUEL, VEHICLE FUEL EFFICIENCY, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WATER POLLUTION, WATER QUALITY, WATER TREATMENT, WETLANDS, WIND, WIND ENERGY