National Transfer Accounts Analysis for Sri Lanka
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Washington, DC
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Sri Lanka has been going through a
demographic transition triggered by decreasing fertility and
increasing life expectancy. The demographic transition is
marked by two stages. During the first stage, the drop in
new births reduces the under-age dependency ratio, while the
proportion of working age population expands. This reduction
in dependency ratio due to declining fertility, frequently
referred to as the demographic bonus, is associated with an
increased pace of economic development due to the larger
share of working age population relative to the total
population, and the smaller pool of dependents that workers
have to support. In the second stage of the demographic
transition, the consistently low fertility rates in
combination with increased life expectancy for the elderly,
lead to the relative expansion of the old-age dependency
ratio. As the demographic transition enters the second
stage, the demographic bonus deteriorates. As Sri Lanka is
going through a demographic transition, it is important to
take stock of the ways labor income is produced and consumed
by different age groups. Similarly, when a deficit or a gap
between consumption and labor income emerges, it is
important to know what type of expenditures drive it and how
it is financed. This paper documents labor income and
consumption patterns by age group in Sri Lanka, in a manner
that is comparable to work carried out for other countries
that participate in the National Transfer Accounts Project.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTING, ADULT EDUCATION, AGE DISTRIBUTION, AGING, CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISONS, DECREASING FERTILITY, DEFICIT FINANCING, DEMAND SIDE, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS, DEPENDENCY BURDEN, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISABILITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC RESEARCH, ELDERLY, ELDERLY POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT, FAMILIES, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATE, FERTILITY RATES, FOREIGN TRADE, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SPENDING, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, IMPORTANT POLICY, INCOME TAXES, INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS, INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR POLICIES, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LEGAL STATUS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LOW FERTILITY, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MOTIVATION, NUMBER OF PERSONS, NUTRITIONAL NEEDS, OCCUPATIONS, OLD AGE, OLD-AGE, OPPORTUNITY COST, OUTPATIENT CARE, PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN, PENSIONS, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, PER CAPITA INCOME, POLICY RESEARCH, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION GROWTH TRENDS, POPULATION SIZE, PRIMARY SCHOOLING, PRIVATE CONSUMPTION, PUBLIC, PUBLIC CONSUMPTION, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION, PUBLIC PROVISION, PUBLIC RESOURCES, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SERVICES, PUBLIC SPENDING, PUBLIC SUPPORT, PUBLIC TRANSFER, PUBLIC TRANSFERS, REGRESSION ANALYSIS, RELATIVE IMPORTANCE, REMITTANCE, REMITTANCES, RENTS, RESPECT, RETIREMENT, SAFETY, SAFETY NETS, SAVINGS, SCHOOL AGE, SCHOOL CHILDREN, SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN, SECONDARY SCHOOLING, SECTOR EMPLOYMENT, SERIOUS IMPLICATIONS, SERVANTS, SERVICE UTILIZATION, SKILLED LABOR, SKILLED WORKERS, SOCIAL SAFETY, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL WELFARE, TAX, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TERTIARY LEVEL, TRANSPORTATION, TREASURY, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, WAGES, WORKER PRODUCTIVITY, YOUNG ADULTS, YOUNG AGE, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUTH EMPLOYMENT