Mauritania - Policy Options to Enhance Private Sector Development : Country Economic Memorandum
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World Bank
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Mauritania has undergone massive
economic and political changes. Mauritania is a West African
country located on the western edge of the Sahara desert,
with a population of approximately 3 million people that is
mostly concentrated in the urban areas. Since independence
in the 1960s, Mauritania's economy has been dependent
on natural resources, iron ore first then combined with
fisheries, and presently oil and other minerals. Natural
resources exploitation and more recently oil discovery
boosted Mauritania's rate of economic growth, but key
challenges remain, in particular the promotion of productive
value-adding activities and the creation of a strong, formal
class of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The
Government of Mauritania recognizes the strategic role of
the private sector and the urgency of supporting SME
development as a catalyst for long-term growth. In the
Second Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (GPRSP-II), the
Mauritanian authorities indicated that accelerating economic
growth will be based on: (i) optimizing spinoff effects from
developing the oil business and implementing more effective
policies for harnessing the growth potential of other
promising sectors; (ii) a thorough reform of the financial
system; (iii) significant improvement in the business
climate and the development of SMEs; and (iv) giving a
greater economic and land-use planning dimension to the
infrastructure that supports growth (World Bank, 2006).
Furthermore, the authorities identified several priorities
to improve the business climate and promotion of SMEs, as
follows: (i) improving the legal environment for businesses;
(ii) fighting anti-competitive practices; (iii) making tax
and customs policies more favorable to business; and (iv)
institutional support for the development of trade and
commerce. This country economic memorandum (CEM) examines
the four most constraining factors to private sector
development and proposes the formulation of practical
solutions to enable the emergence of a strong class of
formal private firms. Specifically, to accelerate growth and
to attain the four strategic GPRSP II objectives - (i)
optimize spinoff effects; (ii) reform financial system;
(iii) improve the business climate and the development of
SMEs; and (iv) improve business enabling infrastructure),
the CEM analyses the role of taxation to promote firm
formalization; skills development to enhance labor
productivity; competition policy as a way to address
anticompetitive market conduct; and the options for
establishing special economic zones as instruments to close
infrastructure gaps and promote investment climate reforms.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO FINANCING, ACCOUNTING, ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE, ANTI-COMPETITIVE PRACTICES, ARABLE LAND, BENEFIT ANALYSIS, BID, BUSINESS CLIMATE, BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPITAL INTENSITY, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, CAPITAL NEEDS, CENTRAL BANK, COLLUSION, COMMERCIAL GROUPS, COMMODITY, COMMODITY TRADERS, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES, COMPETITION POLICY, COMPETITIVE MARKET, COMPETITIVENESS, COMPLIANCE COST, CONSUMER GOODS, CONSUMERS, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES, CPI, CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE, DEMOGRAPHIC, DEPOSITS, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DOMESTIC MARKET, DUAL ECONOMY, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC IMPACT, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC REFORMS, ECONOMICS, ELECTRICITY, EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, EMPIRICAL RESEARCH, ENABLING ENVIRONMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTS, EQUIPMENT, EXISTING GOVERNMENT, EXPLOITATION, EXPORTS, FARMS, FEASIBILITY STUDIES, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FINANCIAL STRUCTURES, FINANCIAL SYSTEM, FISCAL BURDEN, FISCAL POLICY, FISH, FISHERIES, FISHERIES MANAGEMENT, FISHING, FOOD PRICE, FOREIGN COMPANIES, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FOREIGN TRADE, GDP PER CAPITA, GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION, GOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONS, GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS, GROWTH POTENTIAL, GROWTH RATE, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, INCOME, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME LEVELS, INCOME TAX, INCOMES, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFLATION, INFORMAL ECONOMY, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INSTRUMENT, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS, INVENTORY, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, INVESTMENT CLIMATE REFORMS, INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES, INVESTMENT POLICY, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, JOB CREATION, JUDICIAL SYSTEM, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LACK OF TRANSPARENCY, LAND TITLES, LAW ENFORCEMENT, LEGAL ENVIRONMENT, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, LEGAL PROTECTION, LEGAL PROVISIONS, LEGAL SYSTEM, LEVIES, LEVY, LOCAL BUSINESS, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LOW-INCOME COUNTRY, MACROECONOMIC DATA, MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, MARGINAL BENEFITS, MARGINAL COST, MARGINAL COSTS, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET DISTORTIONS, MARKET SHARE, MARKET SHARES, MARKET SIZE, MARKET STRUCTURE, MARKET STRUCTURES, MARKET SURVEILLANCE, MICRO-ENTERPRISES, MICROCREDIT, MICROENTERPRISES, MINES, MOBILE PHONE, MONOPOLIES, MONOPOLY, NATIONAL BANK, NATIONAL BANKS, NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NATURAL RESOURCES EXPLOITATION, OIL, OIL SECTOR, OLIGOPOLIES, OPERATIONAL INDEPENDENCE, OPTIMIZATION, PENSION, POLITICAL SYSTEM, POLITICAL UNCERTAINTY, POLITICAL UNREST, PRICE FIXING, PRICE INCREASES, PRICE VOLATILITY, PRIVATE GOODS, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, PRIVATIZATION, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION INPUTS, PRODUCTION STRUCTURE, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC MARKETS, PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP, PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, RATE OF RETURN, RATES OF RETURN, REAL GDP, REGULATORY AGENCY, REGULATORY BARRIERS, REGULATORY REGIMES, RENT SEEKING, RETURNS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, SKILLED WORKERS, SMALL BUSINESS, SMALL BUSINESSES, SMALL ENTERPRISES, SOCIAL PROTECTION, STATISTICAL DATA, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, TAX, TAX BREAKS, TAX POLICY, TAX RATE, TAX RATES, TAX REGIME, TAX REGIMES, TAX REVENUE, TAX SYSTEM, TAXATION, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TELEPHONE SERVICES, TOTAL OUTPUT, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE REFORMS, TRANSPARENCY, TURNOVER, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNFAIR COMPETITION, VALUE ADDED, WAGES, WEAK ENFORCEMENT, WEALTH, WITHHOLDING TAX, WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, WORLD MARKET, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO