Sectoral Productivity Gaps and Aggregate Productivity
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper examines the role of changes
in sectoral productivity gaps over time in accounting for
growth realized by countries over the past few decades. To
quantify the productivity impact of the sectoral gaps, a
simple model of resource allocation is developed in which
the gaps arise due to distortions in the form of
asymmetrical taxes across sectors. The paper finds a limited
role of changes in distortions over time in accounting for
actual growth. Implied growth from changes in distortions
accounts for less than 2.5 percent of actual growth for the
median country. To check if the lower contribution of
changes in distortions is because of unrealized gains
suggested by high levels of present distortions,
productivity gains are estimated when distortions across
countries are reduced to the US levels. Barring a couple of
cases, the gains in aggregate productivity are modest across
the sample of countries.
Palabras clave
JOBS, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT RATE, COUNTRY VARIATION, MOTIVATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ACCOUNTING, PRODUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY GAIN, EMPLOYMENT SHARE, STRUCTURAL CHANGE, INCOME, PERFECT COMPETITION, LABOR ALLOCATION, AGE GROUP, GDP PER CAPITA, LABOR FORCE, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, MENU, OPTIMIZATION, AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY, EQUILIBRIUM, VARIABLES, MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY, CAPITAL STOCK, EMPLOYMENT RATES, PRICE, INPUTS, DRIVERS, OPEN ACCESS, TRENDS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, DEVELOPMENT, LABOR MARKET, MARKET IMPERFECTIONS, TIME PERIODS, DATA, MARGINAL PRODUCTS, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, WORKER, ONLINE DATABASE, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY, BUSINESS SERVICES, CRITERIA, MARKETS, ORGANIZATIONS, LABOR, TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, AVERAGING, FINANCE, TAXES, PRODUCTIVITY CHANGE, MANUFACTURING, UNEMPLOYMENT, TECHNOLOGY, FACTOR MARKETS, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, HUMAN CAPITAL, VALUE ADDED, WORKERS, CAPITAL, WAGES, RESULTS, DUAL ECONOMY, VALUE, ACTUAL GROWTH, CREDIT, MACROECONOMICS, RAW DATA, TFP, AGE GROUPS, LABOUR MARKET, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, AGRICULTURE, MEASUREMENT, WAGE RATE, SHARES, BENCHMARK, ECONOMICS, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, INCREASE IN LABOR, LABOR ORGANIZATION, RESULT, TRADE, GDP, GROWTH RATE, BUSINESS, ESTIMATED PRODUCTIVITY, INTERNATIONAL STANDARD, IMPUTATION, DISCIPLINE, LENDING, UNDERESTIMATES, PRODUCTIVITY GAINS, AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY, DATABASE, LABOUR, AGGREGATE LEVEL, LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, LABOR SHARE, LABOR MIGRATION, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, GROWTH