Economic planning for fishery development
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This report emphasizes the wide range of levels of development among the low income countries of the Indian Ocean. In Indonesia and East Africa, the absence of national markets, internal transport, communications, and financial institutions are barriers to the development of modern fisheries as well as to economic development in general. Here the prospects of success in marine fisheries are mainly limited to a modest upgrading of the small-scale coastal fisheries and to "enclaves" of export-orie nted enterprise, largely under foreign management. Countries which have national markets and relatively adequate infrastructure development, have a wider range of options in the fisheries. These countries e.g., India, Pakistan, and Thailand, can seriously consider establishment of modern coastal and offshore fisheries for domestic and overseas markets on the basis of their own leadership. Their chief handicaps, apart from lack of capital, are in business management, quality control, repair and m aintenance services, and international marketing. It is recommended that international assistance programmes give special attention to these latter issues. In both cases, the lowest costs of production and the greatest return to all productive inputs in fisheries may generally be achieved by combining the local advantages and labour supplies of' the countries of the region with techniques and capital and, in many cases, management and markets from the high-income countries. Serious problems rema in in the organization and execution of joint ventures. Investment criteria are recommended both for commercial ventures and international assistance. Attention is given to the dangers of over-investment in specific fisheries.