Agriculture and National Welfare Around the World : Causality and International Heterogeneity Since 1960
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
World Bank, Washington, DC
Resumen
Descripción
Calculations of marginal welfare effects suggest that agricultural development has had important positive effects on national welfare, especially in developing countries. Latin American and Caribbean countries have also benefited from agricultural growth, but non-agricultural production has had marginal welfare effects that are greater in magnitude than those provided by agricultural activities. In contrast, the industrialized, high-income countries experienced marginal welfare gains from non-agricultural activities that are much greater than those derived from agriculture, whose impact is actually negative. These calculations of marginal welfare effects across regions depend on econometric estimates of elasticities linking agricultural and nonagricultural economic activities to four elements in a national welfare function: national GDP per capita, average income of the poorest households within countries, environmental outcomes concerning air and water pollution and deforestation, and macroeconomic volatility. The econometric analyses are motivated by theoretical treatments of key issues. The empirical models are estimated with various econometric techniques that deal with issues of causality and international heterogeneity.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTING, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURE, AIR POLLUTION, COMMODITIES, CROPS, DEFORESTATION, DEMAND FOR FOOD, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMIC SECTORS, ECONOMICS, ECONOMISTS, ELASTICITIES, ELASTICITY, EMISSIONS, EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, EMPLOYMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, EQUILIBRIUM, EXPORTS, EXTERNALITIES, FOOD PROCESSING, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROWTH RATE, HUMAN CAPITAL, IMPORTS, INCOME, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LATIN AMERICAN, MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS, MULTIPLIER EFFECT, MULTIPLIER EFFECTS, OUTPUTS, PER CAPITA INCOME, PER CAPITA INCOMES, POLICY DECISIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POSITIVE EFFECTS, POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, SAVINGS, SOCIAL WELFARE, SPILLOVERS, TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS, TERMS OF TRADE, TIME SERIES, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, URBAN AREAS, UTILITY FUNCTION, WATER POLLUTION, WEALTH, WELFARE EFFECTS, WELFARE FUNCTION, WELFARE GAINS