Foot-and-mouth disease: quarterly report
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The World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRLFMD) has reported test results for samples received from Egypt, Ethiopia, Iraq and Jordan.
During the past three months, epidemiological events in the European neighbourhood have been overshadowed by the emergence of SAT2/XIV in Iraq, Jordan and Türkiye. Clinical disease in large ruminants appears to be severe, with higher-than-expected mortality levels in older animals being reported. Analyses of sequences collected from these cases confirm that they are caused by viruses from the SAT2/XIV topotype which are closely related to viruses collected from Ethiopia during 2022. These are the first reports of the SAT-2 serotype in these countries, and since infection is occurring in naïve animals without any history of infection or vaccination for this serotype, there are obvious concerns about the potential for rapid onward spread to other countries in the region and to the FMD-free buffer zone in Thrace via east-to-west virus conveyers that have been described for other FMDV lineages.