Rwanda : Toward Sustained Growth and Competitiveness, Volume 2. Main Report
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Washington, DC
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Rwanda established targets for Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) growth and poverty reduction, to be
achieved by the year 2020; these were to (i) raise real per
capita income from $230 to $900; and (ii) reduce the poverty
incidence by half. To reach these targets, the Government
projected in its 2002 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
(PRSP) that GDP growth will to be in the range of 6 to 7
percent over the medium term. The PRSP focused on six
priority areas: (i) rural development and agricultural
transformation; (ii) human development; (iii) economic
infrastructure; (iv) good governance; (v) private sector
development; and (vi) institutional capacity development.
While increased spending in the social sectors led to
substantial improvements in outcomes there has been only
limited spending for economic services, including investment
to improve productivity in agriculture and manufacturing.
Improvements in poverty have been marginal, due to a number
of factors: (i) lack of investment in infrastructure during
the recovery and stabilization phase, to complement the
reforms undertaken to improve the business environment; (ii)
lack of investments in capacity, institutions, and
land/water management in the agricultural sector; (iii)
continued low use of inputs; (iv) instability within the
region; (v) delays in Rwanda's accession to the East
Africa Community (EAC); and (vi) a slower than expected pace
of reform in key sectors such as the tea industry. The PRSP
anticipated that growth in the agricultural sector will
proceed with progressive commercialization, with ensuing
demand for agricultural and non-agricultural goods and
services in rural areas, resulting in increasing non-farm employment.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ACCOUNTING, ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS, AGGREGATE DEMAND, AGRICULTURE, ASSET VALUE, AVERAGE GROWTH, BASIC EDUCATION, BENCHMARKING, BINDING CONSTRAINT, BORROWING, BUDGETING, BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT, CALCULATIONS, CAPITAL ACCOUNT, CAPITAL FLOWS, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, CAPITAL STOCK, CENTRAL BANK, COMMERCIAL BANKS, COMMODITY, COMPETITIVENESS, COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY, CONSUMER, CONTRIBUTION, COST EFFECTIVENESS, COST RECOVERY, CURRENCY, CURRENT ACCOUNT, CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT, DEBT, DEBT RELIEF, DEBT STOCK, DECENTRALIZATION, DEPRECIATION, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, DEVELOPMENT BANK, DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DIRECT INVESTMENT, DIVERSIFICATION, DOMESTIC CREDIT, DROUGHT, EARNINGS, ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC GROWTH RATES, ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, EDUCATION INITIATIVES, ELECTRICITY, EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONS, EQUIPMENT, EXCESS SUPPLY, EXCHANGE RATE, EXPENDITURE, EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS, EXPORT GROWTH, EXPORTER, EXPORTS, EXTENSION SYSTEM, EXTERNAL BORROWING, FARM INCOME, FINANCES, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL MARKET, FINANCIAL PROCEDURES, FINANCIAL PRODUCTS, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL SECTORS, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FISCAL DEFICIT, FISCAL DEFICITS, FISCAL POLICY, FIXED EXCHANGE RATE, FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GNP, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE, GOVERNMENT REVENUE, GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, GROWTH PROJECTIONS, GROWTH RATE, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SPENDING, HOSPITALS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, IMMUNIZATION, INCOME, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME SOURCES, INCOMES, INFLATION, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INTEREST RATE, INTEREST RATE POLICY, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL INTEREST, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, INVESTING, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, INVESTMENT CLIMATE ASSESSMENT, JOB TRAINING, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LACK OF KNOWLEDGE, LAND HOLDINGS, LAND USE, LATIN AMERICAN, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, LEGAL REFORMS, LEVIES, LICENSES, LIQUIDITY, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LONG-TERM GOALS, LOW INCOME, M2, MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MACROECONOMICS, MAINTENANCE COST, MAINTENANCE COSTS, MARGINAL COST, MARKET ECONOMY, MARKETING, MATH, MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK, MICRO-ENTERPRISES, MICROFINANCE, MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS, MONETARY AUTHORITY, MONETARY FUND, MONETARY POLICY, MONOPOLY, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, NATIONAL BANK, NATIONAL INVESTMENT, NUTRITION, PATIENTS, PER CAPITA INCOME, PHYSICIANS, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY RATES, PRESENT VALUE, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION, PRODUCTIVITY, PUBLIC, PUBLIC DEBT, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC FINANCE, PUBLIC PROCUREMENT, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SPENDING, PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, PURCHASING POWER, RAPID GROWTH, REAL EXCHANGE RATE, REAL GDP, RECURRENT COST, RECURRENT EXPENDITURE, REFUGEES, RELEVANT POPULATION, RESERVE, RESERVES, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESOURCE MOBILIZATION, RESPONSIBILITIES, RETURNS, ROADS, RPA, SAFETY NET, SALARIES, SALARY, SALE, SALES, SAVINGS, SAVINGS RATE, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SENIOR, SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISES, SMALLER FIRMS, SOCIAL SERVICES, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, TARIFF BANDS, TAX, TAX RATE, TAXATION, TEACHER TRAINING, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TOTAL REVENUE, TRADE REFORMS, TRADE UNION, TRAINING MATERIALS, TRANSACTION, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSPARENCY, TREASURY, TREASURY BILLS, TRUST FUND, TRUST FUNDS, UTILITIES, UTILITY FUNCTIONS, VALUE ADDED, WITHDRAWAL