Jordan - Resolving Jordan's Labor Market Paradox of Concurrent Economic Growth and High Unemployment
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Reducing unemployment is a top priority
of the Government of Jordan, as expressed in its principal
strategies, "we are all Jordan" and the national
agenda. Consistent with those strategies and with the
recommendations of donors, the Government's approach to
reducing unemployment has been to create jobs by attracting
investments that promote gross domestic product (GDP)
growth. In recent years, Jordan has successfully attracted
investment, achieved strong GDP growth, and created many new
jobs. This report also recommends actions to further the
Government's goal of reducing employment. To accomplish
this we cover industrial policy, fiscal policy, regional
development, education, and social protection programs.
Although this report comments on employment aspects of
several policies and programs, truly comprehensive analysis
of these policies and programs is beyond its scope. Rather,
these findings and recommendations should be considered in
the context of ongoing work by the Government, the World
Bank, and other donors the various policy and program areas.
That work includes analytical work and investments in the
areas of: (a) public expenditure, (b) financial sector
functioning, (c) investment climate, (d) poverty mapping,
and (e) pension reform. It also includes projects in: (a)
higher education development, (b) education reform for the
knowledge economy, (c) social protection, (d)
employer-driven skills development, and (e) regional and
local development.
Palabras clave
ACCURATE INFORMATION, ADDITIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS, ADULT POPULATION, AGE CATEGORY, AGE DISTRIBUTION, ANNUAL LEAVE, AVERAGE GROWTH, BANKS, BIRTH RATES, CALCULATIONS, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, CAREER COUNSELING, CIVIL SERVICE SALARY, COMMUNITY SERVICES, CONTRIBUTION, CREATING JOBS, CURRENT JOBS, DEATH RATES, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DIRECT INVESTMENT, DISCRIMINATION, DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN, DISPOSABLE INCOME, DISSEMINATION, DIVERSIFICATION, EARNING, EARNINGS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC POLICIES, EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION, EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS, EFFICIENT LABOR MARKET, ELDERLY, ELDERLY POPULATION, EMPLOYABILITY, EMPLOYEE, EMPLOYMENT GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS, EMPLOYMENT SERVICE, EMPLOYMENT SERVICES, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, EMPLOYMENT TRENDS, EXCHANGE RATE, EXTERNAL FINANCING, FAMILY MEMBERS, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FEMALE WORKERS, FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL SYSTEMS, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INVESTMENTS, FOREIGN LABOR, FOREIGN WORKERS, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENERAL PUBLIC, HEALTH CARE, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HIGH WAGE, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES, HOUSEWIVES, HUMAN RESOURCE, HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, IMMIGRATION, INCOME SUPPORT, INCOME TAX, INCOMES, INFLATION, INFORMAL SECTOR, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INVESTING, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, JOB EXPERIENCE, JOB INSECURITY, JOB OFFERS, JOB VACANCIES, JOB-SEEKERS, JOBS, KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY, LABOR COST, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR LAW, LABOR LAWS, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR POLICY, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR REGULATIONS, LABOR SUPPLY, LARGE BUSINESSES, LARGE ENTERPRISES, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT, MAJOR ASSET, MALE WORKERS, MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, MARKET ECONOMIES, MARKETING, MARRIED WOMEN, MATERNITY LEAVE, MATH, MEDIUM ENTERPRISES, MINIMUM WAGE, MINORITY, MULTIPLIER EFFECT, NATIONAL AGENDA, NATIONALS, NET EMPLOYMENT, NET JOB CREATION, NEW JOBS, OCCUPATION, OCCUPATIONS, OLDER WORKERS, OUTSTANDING DEBT, PAYING JOBS, PENSION, PENSION REFORM, PENSIONS, PERMANENT WORKERS, PERSISTENT GAPS, PERSISTENT UNEMPLOYMENT, POLICY MAKERS, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION INCREASES, PREVIOUS JOB, PREVIOUS JOB EXPERIENCE, PREVIOUS PARAGRAPH, PREVIOUS SECTION, PREVIOUS WORK, PREVIOUS WORK EXPERIENCE, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PURCHASES, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, QUALITY EDUCATION, REAL ESTATE, REAL WAGE, REMITTANCES, RENTS, RESPONSIBILITIES, RETAIL TRADE, SAFETY, SAFETY NETS, SALES, SANITATION, SAVINGS, SAVINGS RATE, SCARCE RESOURCES, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SERVANTS, SERVICE INDUSTRIES, SEVERANCE PAY, SEVERANCE PAY SYSTEM, SEX, SHORT TERM BORROWING, SICK LEAVE, SMALL BUSINESSES, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL MARKETING, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SOCIAL STATUS, SOCIAL WELFARE, TAX RATES, TECHNICAL SKILLS, TEMPORARY WORKERS, TERMINATION, TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TRAINING SYSTEM, TRANSPORTATION, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYED INDIVIDUALS, UNEMPLOYED PERSONS, UNEMPLOYED POPULATION, UNEMPLOYED WORKERS, UNEMPLOYED YOUTH, UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE, UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNEMPLOYMENT REDUCTION, UNIVERSITY EDUCATION, UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS, UNPAID WORKERS, UNSKILLED LABOR, UNSKILLED WORKERS, VALUABLE, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, WAGE DATA, WAGE GROWTH, WAGE INCREASES, WAGE RATES, WAGES, WATER SUPPLIES, WORK ACTIVITIES, WORK HOURS, WORKER, WORKFORCE, WORKING AGE, WORKING HOURS, WORKING POOR, WORTH, YOUNG MEN, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUNG WOMEN, YOUNGER COHORT, YOUNGER WORKERS, YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT