Pitfalls of Participatory Programs : Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Education in India
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Participation of beneficiaries in the
monitoring of public services is increasingly seen as key to
improving their efficiency. In India, the current
government flagship program on universal primary education
organizes community members, specifically locally elected
leaders and parents of children enrolled in public schools,
into committees and gives these powers over resource
allocation, monitoring and management of school performance.
However, in a baseline survey this paper finds that people
were not aware of the existence of these committees and
their potential for improving education. The paper evaluates
three different interventions to encourage
beneficiaries' participation: providing information,
training community members in a new testing tool, and
training and organizing volunteers to hold remedial reading
camps for illiterate children. The authors find that these
interventions had no impact on community involvement in
public schools, and no impact on teacher effort or learning
outcomes in those schools. However, the intervention that
trained volunteers to teach children to read had large
impact on activity outside public schools -- local youths
volunteered to be trained, and children who attended these
camps substantially improved their reading skills. These
results suggest that citizens face substantial constraints
in participating to improve the public education system,
even when they care about education and are willing to do
something to improve it.
Palabras clave
ADULTS, AGED, ARITHMETIC, BASIC ARITHMETIC, BASIC LITERACY, BASIC READING, CLASSROOM, CLASSROOMS, CLINICS, COMMUNITY HEALTH, COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN EDUCATION, COMMUNITY TEACHERS, DECENTRALIZATION, ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION, EDUCATION SYSTEM, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL AUTHORITIES, EDUCATIONAL BUDGET, EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES, EFFECTIVE TEACHING, ELEMENTARY EDUCATION, ENROLLMENT, EXAM, FAMILIES, GIRLS, GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLS, HEAD TEACHER, HEAD TEACHERS, HEADMASTERS, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH SERVICES, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, ILLITERATE CHILDREN, IMMUNIZATION, INDEXES, INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, INTERVENTION, INTERVENTIONS, LEARNING, LEARNING LEVELS, LEARNING OUTCOMES, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LITERACY, LITERACY TEST, LITERATURE, LOCAL SCHOOLS, MORTALITY, NURSES, PAMPHLETS, PAPERS, PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT, PATIENTS, POOR PEOPLE, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE, PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN, PRIMARY SCHOOLS, PRIVATE SCHOOL, PRIVATE SCHOOLS, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC SCHOOLS, PUPIL TEACHER RATIOS, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, READERS, READING, READING LEVEL, READING SKILLS, REGULAR TEACHERS, REMEDIAL READING, REPORT CARDS, RESOURCE CENTER, SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM, SCHOLARSHIPS, SCHOOL COMMITTEE, SCHOOL COMMITTEES, SCHOOL DAYS, SCHOOL DEVELOPMENT, SCHOOL FACILITIES, SCHOOL FEES, SCHOOL HEADMASTER, SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT, SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE, SCHOOL MAINTENANCE, SCHOOL PARTICIPATION, SCHOOL PERFORMANCE, SCHOOL POLICY, SCHOOL STATUS, SCHOOL STUDENTS, SCHOOL SURVEYS, SCHOOL SYSTEM, SCHOOL TEACHERS, SERVICE TRAINING, SOCIAL SERVICES, TEACHER INCENTIVES, TEACHER PERFORMANCE, TEACHER RECRUITMENT, TEACHERS, TEACHERS ASSOCIATIONS, TEACHING, TEACHING RESOURCES, TEACHING STAFF, TENURE, TEST SCORES, TEXTBOOKS, UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION, VILLAGE COMMUNITY, VILLAGE EDUCATION, VILLAGE EDUCATION COMMITTEES, VILLAGE LEADERS, VILLAGE LEVEL, VILLAGE MEETINGS, VILLAGE SCHOOL