Kenya Groundwater Governance Case Study
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This report presents a case study on
groundwater governance in Kenya. The objectives of the study
were to: (a) describe groundwater resource and socioeconomic
settings for four selected aquifers; (b) describe governance
arrangements for groundwater management in Kenya; and (c)
identify the relevance of these arrangements for planning
and implementing climate change mitigation measures. The
report provides a comprehensive strategy to develop
effective groundwater management and a pilot groundwater
management plan. Kenya's draft Policy for the
Protection of Groundwater provides most of the requirements
for improving groundwater governance, including
participation and empowerment of groundwater users,
decentralization of management to local level, integration
of surface and groundwater management, improving monitoring
and data collection, identifying sites for managed aquifer
recharge (MAR), mapping strategic aquifers and conjunctive
use opportunities, and identifying groundwater conservation
areas. Groundwater management decision making is
sector-based and on the whole ad hoc; there is no mechanism
for coordination and for fostering cross-sector linkages.
Consequently, the management of groundwater resources has
continued to be carried on in isolation from the management
of land and other land-based resources, with the inevitable
consequence that the implications of management decisions in
critical areas such as physical are planning, land use
planning, and agricultural activities have often been
overlooked. At the same time, groundwater decision making
remains overly centralized, with limited real involvement of
stakeholder units, such as catchment area advisory
committees (CAACs) and water resources user associations (WRUAs).
Palabras clave
ABSTRACTION POINTS, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY, ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, AQUIFER, AQUIFER MANAGEMENT, AQUIFER PROTECTION, AQUIFER RECHARGE, AQUIFERS, ARID COUNTRIES, ARTIFICIAL GROUNDWATER, ARTIFICIAL GROUNDWATER RECHARGE, ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE, AVAILABLE WATER, AVAILABLE WATER RESOURCES, BANK STORAGE, BASIN MANAGEMENT, BASIN WATER, BASINS, BOREHOLES, BULK WATER, BULK WATER SUPPLY, CATCHMENT, CATCHMENT AREA, CATCHMENT AREAS, CATCHMENT LEVEL, CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT, CATCHMENTS, CITY COUNCIL, CITY WATER, CIVIL SOCIETY, CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS, CLEAN WATER, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, COASTAL AREAS, COASTAL LAGOONS, COMMERCIAL WATER, CONJUNCTIVE USE, CONSTRUCTION, CROP FAILURE, CUBIC METERS, DECISION MAKING, DEMAND FOR WATER, DISSOLVED SOLIDS, DOMESTIC WATER, DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY, DRAINAGE, DROUGHT, EARTH SCIENCES, EFFICIENT WATER USE, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EQUITABLE ACCESS, EVAPORATION, FOOD PRODUCTION, FRESH WATER, FRESHWATER, FRESHWATER AVAILABILITY, GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES, GLOBAL WATER CRISIS, GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS, GROUND WATER, GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER ABSTRACTION, GROUNDWATER BASINS, GROUNDWATER BODIES, GROUNDWATER DATA, GROUNDWATER DEVELOPMENT, GROUNDWATER EXPLOITATION, GROUNDWATER FOR IRRIGATION, GROUNDWATER ISSUES, GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT, GROUNDWATER POLLUTION, GROUNDWATER PROJECTS, GROUNDWATER PROTECTION, GROUNDWATER QUALITY, GROUNDWATER RESOURCES, GROUNDWATER STORAGE, GROUNDWATER USE, GROUNDWATER USERS, HAND PUMPS, HOUSEHOLDS, ICE, INDUSTRIAL USE, INDUSTRIAL WATER, INTENSIVE GROUNDWATER ABSTRACTION, INTENSIVE GROUNDWATER USE, INTERNATIONAL WATER, INTERNATIONAL WATER RESOURCES, IRRIGATION, IRRIGATION WATER, IRRIGATION WATER SUPPLY, IRRIGATORS, LAKES, LAND DEGRADATION, LAND USE, MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDWATER, MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES, MANAGEMENT OF WATER, MANAGING WATER RESOURCES, MEASUREMENTS, METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT, MINISTRY OF WATER, MONITORING PROGRAM, MUNICIPAL WATER, MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES, NATIONAL WATER POLICY, NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RECHARGE, NATURAL RESOURCES, PESTICIDES, PIPELINE, PIT LATRINE, POLLUTION, POOR WATER QUALITY, POPULATION CENTERS, POPULATION GROWTH, PRESSURE, PRIVATE PARTICIPATION, PRIVATE WATER SUPPLY, PROTECTED AREAS, PROTECTION OF GROUNDWATER, PROVISION OF WATER, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC WATER, PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY, PUMPING, PUMPS, QUALITY WATER, RAIN, RAINFALL, RAW WATER, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, RENEWABLE GROUNDWATER RESOURCES, RENEWABLE WATER RESOURCES, RIVER BASIN, RUNOFF, RURAL WATER, RURAL WATER SUPPLY, SALINE INTRUSION, SAND DAMS, SANITATION, SANITATION DEVELOPMENT, SEDIMENTS, SEMI-ARID LANDS, SERVICE PROVIDER, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SEWERAGE COMPANY, SEWERAGE SERVICES, SHARED WATER RESOURCES, SOCIAL SERVICES, SPRINGS, SURFACE WATER, SURFACE WATER DEVELOPMENT, SURFACE WATER RESOURCES, SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, SURFACE WATER SYSTEMS, SURFACE WATERS, SUSTAINABLE USE, TOWNS, URBAN RUNOFF, USE OF WATER, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WASTE WATER, WASTEWATER, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, WATER ALLOCATION, WATER ALLOCATIONS, WATER BOARDS, WATER CATCHMENT AREAS, WATER CONSERVATION, WATER FACILITIES, WATER GOVERNANCE, WATER INDUSTRY, WATER LEGISLATION, WATER PARTNERSHIP, WATER POLLUTION, WATER PROFESSIONALS, WATER QUALITY, WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCE, WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLANS, WATER RESOURCES PLANNING, WATER RIGHTS, WATER SECTOR, WATER SECTOR REFORM, WATER SERVICE, WATER SERVICE PROVIDERS, WATER SERVICES, WATER SHORTAGES, WATER SOURCES, WATER STORAGE, WATER STRATEGY, WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS, WATER SYSTEMS, WATER TABLE, WATER TARIFFS, WATER UNIT, WATER USER, WATER USES, WELLS, WETLANDS, WILDLIFE SERVICE